The financial value of open source software
lemire.me
lemire.me
The other thing is that fundamentally OSS is a symbiotic relationship between creators, maintainers, and users. If I need to build a tool or tech for my own product, making it available to others gets me feedback, gets me ideas on how to improve it, hardens it, etc.
I would think that support alone would be worth more than 1.2B dollars in collective time spent ironing that out. I don’t really know but I am thinking their estimate is rather low for the cost to reproduce the Linux kernel.
Edit: missed the link to a paper for the estimate.
The goodness of a kernel is somewhat determined by how much people decide to use it.