snaps and flatpaks are focused more distribution and are "sandboxed" (quotes because their are security issues with them). NixOS breaks compatibility with existing programs unlike gobo, but NixOS's package repository is exponentially better maintained where gobo's is incomplete and years out of date.

All of these are all still behind how Android stores apps. On Android each application can be distributed using a single file that is easy to distribute. Each application is properly sandboxed. Each application gets its own directory. And something all of the other things mentioned here are missing, each application gets its own subdirectories in the app's directory for storing its state (there are different ones for each user).