The managed care apparatus in the United States is about allocating insufficient supply of healthcare to excess demand based on the political value of the healthcare recipient.
That is why Medicare pays doctors more than Medicaid for the same work (old people are worth more since they vote more than poorer and younger people).
You can endlessly bucket people into infinite changing tiers based on their political power using reimbursement, deductible, out of pocket maximum, in and out of network providers, formularies, and prior authorization protocols.
For example, you can give members of the military a different quality/quantity of healthcare than US federal Senators, who have a different set of policies, who in turn have a different set of policies from a highly profitable white collar firm’s employees, and yet again different from a less profitable business with lower paid employees, and so on and so forth.
You can adjust reimbursements so that some people can immediately see doctors whereas others have to go to Physician Assistants or Nurse Practitioners.
The system is a thing of beauty from a political point of view, and I bet countries with nationalized healthcare like UK and Canada move closer and closer to the US system as the population pyramids go upside down and cuts have to be made.
And the whole time, people will waste their time being mad at managed care organizations, when the government leaders are the ones hiring them to be the “bad guy”.