Plastic is taking over farms
modernfarmer.com
modernfarmer.com
https://www.harrisseeds.com/collections/mulches-plastic-and-...
I thought people were using shredded plastic or pellets to cover the ground!
In USA, open farm lands are literally covered by huge sheets of plastic.
> The answer: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Shifting the responsibility for managing materials at the end of life away from consumers and onto producers, … It’s not uncommon for manufacturers of computers or tires to ask consumers to pay an extra fee at the time of purchase for the cost of collecting and recycling the product.
Anyone with a basic understanding of economics knows that this is economically equivalent to making the farmers pay for the recycling.
The quote is stating that expenses are passed to the consumer, how is that good? It's also talking about things like tires, I think we can all agree the world wouldn't function without tires unless we're all willing to go back to the horse and buggy?
If they can’t afford the plastic now, society was losing on the transaction originally.
… but you don’t believe in market forces coming into play to drive consumers to less expensive food grown by farmers who use less plastic.
Or is plastic pollution the part you don’t understand?
Either way, both are simple.
Caveat: there are exactly 2 types of plastic that are economically viable to recycle (it still loses money for everyone involved along the way to the plant, but at least the final recycler can recoup costs): PET and HDPE. Unfortunately, according to google, these are not the most used types of plastic in farming. That would be PP and LDPE.
Split stream is real for at least some I think. Or was.
And that’s probably equally important because the homo oeconomicus is just the spherical cow of economics and not a real thing.
People don’t like the increasingly paternalistic perspective policymakers take, even if it is perhaps justified sometimes.
Don’t act like an infant if you don’t want to be treated like one.
Either you somehow wrest control by force or you have to win hearts.
“Just let them be assholes or else you’re the real asshole for not letting them be assholes” is not a good argument.
Let people buy any gun they want, because infantilizing.
Let people sell meth, because…
Let people withhold wages…
People don’t like others selling meth and withholding wages, so it is easy to get popular support. But if people don’t understand and support the environmental mandates, all you will get is large-scale popular backlash - unless you can somehow restrain democratic will with force.
I don’t think we really disagree - I just think that we need to either come up with better ways of selling people on this, better ways of being sneaky, or force - and think the first is probably the best option.
I’m not talking about going back to mom-and-pop farms. The fact that there’s an enormous supply chain that economizes plastic use on farms is what I’m talking about. Oil companies are more powerful than nation states.
I think we can sell people on reducing consumption and consuming more sustainable materials. How? Work less, have more time for leisure, go out and breathe clean air.
Also Malthusianism is real. But providing education and contraceptives works to reduce birthrates. No genocide needed.
You sit in privilege and sneer at the potential for change. Why change the status quo if you already feel comfortable?
Justify how the most powerful companies in the world, with the worst track records for dishonesty, and with mounds of scientific evidence toward the harm of their products should not be targets of regulation.
Or go ahead and start putting lead into your gas tank, like a hero who doesn’t listen to others.
For example, in lots of jurisdictions there is your gross salary, but then there are often additional costs like employer taxes, or social security contributions that are "paid by the employer". But the reality is, that employing me costs my employer 1.2 times my gross salary.
Do I feel infantilized by this - actually I do, but that's the point - some do, but the majority clearly does not. For them it's actually the opposite, it sounds great: "wow my employer pays that, not me, how great".
And it's the same here: "Oh, I don't have to pay, great." People seem to rarely care about the bottom line. Just think about free shipping.
Which, in turn, is economically equivalent to food eaters paying the cost. There's no free lunch – figuratively and literally. Economically, it doesn't really matter all that much where you place the cost. Socially, though...
Very well done study on this recently: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2022.026...
The only solution is global majority cooperation, as game defectors maintain the generation of “externalities” that the majority is not enforcing remediation from
https://gatherer.wizards.com/pages/card/Discussion.aspx?popu...
Plastic pollution denial is a thing now?
This is just a repeat of "microwave ovens bad" and "cellphone radiation bad", mixed with radical ideology and propagated by engagement-focused media.
Even to me, it is obvious why plastic pollution is undesirable and is not the same as “cellphone radiation bad”
sure, plastic waste should be responsibly handled. but plastics have major benefits to solving many other problems. in this case it's compounded by readers that have nothing to do with farming (or who have a garden and think they could live off of it) thinking farmers are trying to kill them
also, the article railing against landfills is part of the issue to me. plastic that is landfilled is absolutely responsibly managed plastic. we /want/ our waste to become part of geology, not keep circulating, if possible
Indeed. The presumption that plastics are a health risk is created by simply repeating that they are, with a healthy dose of hypothetical thinking and the precautionary principle. Eventually it becomes fixed in the echo chamber as common "knowledge", like the idea that GMOs are bad.
I find this all very illiberal, the notion that people should be prevented from actions because of the mere possibility of negative consequences (as if that possibility could ever be entirely excluded.)
Plastic is incredibly complex, and the foundation of so many aspects of modern life that it's very difficult to take it all in.
I genuinely can not think of a single product that only exists thanks to plastic.
There's tons of things like automobiles, firearms, and appliances that are dramatically lighter due to plastics.
The non-plastic alternatives for clothing that protects from rain and cold are much more limited. Generally only wool and plastic clothing insulates while wet. In terms of actual rain jackets you'd have to go back to rubber, waxed cotton, or oilcloth.
· condoms that prevent disease (sheepskin condoms are okay as contraceptives but are not considered safe against hiv)
· transparent flexible medical feeding tubes
· disposable scalpels
· disposable pipette tips, crucial for biology work
· catheters (one company does make them from a bioplastic but it's still a plastic)
· i was going to say 'printed circuit boards' but it turns out that some of them are made out of sapphire instead. so i guess i'm limited to 'impact-resistant printed circuit boards'
· communications satellites (they'd've weighed too much to launch without much larger rockets, and they'd also break during launch)
· cell phones
· playground slides that don't cause burns when it's sunny
· spray foam insulation
· permanent markers (the ink is a plastic)
· bulletproof vests (plastics are the only materials with the necessary combination of strength and lightness)
· landfill liners
· magnetic tape
· photographic film, as opposed to glass plates, and therefore pocket cameras and motion pictures
· pneumatic tires, and therefore bicycles and automobiles that can go faster than a walking pace
· insulating panels for houses
· garbage bags
· breast implants
· adhesive tapes, including duct tape, scotch tape, packing tape, and masking tape (pressure-sensitive adhesives are plastics)
· band-aids
· lcds (the liquid crystals are a plastic, just one that's molten at room temperature; the polarizing filters are also a plastic, a solid one, although conceivably you could find a way to use wollaston prisms for this instead)
· ion-selective electrolysis membranes (nafion, etc.)
· phonograph records. if you're unwilling to consider shellac a 'plastic', even though it's a moldable thermoplastic organic polymer, this can be restricted to 33rpm and 45rpm phonograph records
· compact discs, probably. although you could surely micro-etch a surface to store digital data without plastic, the stamping process crucially depends on plastic's ability to mold to submicron precision as a way to mass-produce the resulting shape
· hologram stickers, similarly
· baby bottles. the nipples are plastic (rubber, a plastic, is the only natural material that will work) and if you make the bottle itself out of glass, the baby will break it
· flexible electrical wires that don't short out if they get wet, I think. you can't insulate flexible wires with glass or porcelain. certainly insulating wires with cloth (silk for small wires) was commonplace in the early 20th century, and although you can get wires insulated with an layer of ceramic so thin it's flexible, i don't think it's flexible enough or abrasion-resistant enough for household use
those are things you can't make at all without plastics. in most other cases, you could make do: by molding things out of beeswax or glass, stamping them out of steel, carving them out of wood, machining them out of brass or mykroy/mycalex (if you don't consider that a 'plastic'), molding them out of plaster, using decay-prone natural fibers instead of stable plastic ones, painting cotton cloth with linseed oil, oxidatively cross-linking linseed oil or urushi as a binder for other uses, sintering sapphire, or bolting together pieces of porcelain or granite that had been ground to shape
that would work for clothing, camping, rock climbing, sailing, electronic components, paints, electrical equipment, automobiles, and most industrial processes. but not for the bullet list above
however, even in those cases, the resulting products would in most cases be orders of magnitude more expensive, so the aspect of modern life that would be missing would be that non-wealthy people have access to them. they would also be much shorter-lived in most cases because they would rot and break more easily
· zip ties
· disposable diapers
· transparent blast shields
· bulletproof glass
· more generally, safety glass other than tempered glass—tempered glass shatters into tiny pieces that won't slash open your arteries, but sometimes safety actually requires the broken glass to remain intact, as in car windshields
· transparent riot shields
· safety glasses and visors (glass glasses increase the risk of eye injury from projectiles in the right size range, rather than decreasing it)
· plywood, particleboard, and osb (though perhaps in theory you could make them with binders that aren't plastic, plastic resins are for some reason the only things actually being used, so i consider it unproved that you could make them with something like hide glue)
· glue strong enough to reconnect the broken stem of a wine glass
· superglue (superglue is a plastic)
· hot glue guns
· o-rings and other gaskets that don't leak. historically these used to be made of leather, but leather is of course porous. as a result
· virtually anything that hermetically seals around a rotating shaft
· the monterey bay aquarium
· photolithography resists, such as used for making integrated circuits; all the photoresists used for photolithography are plastics. so without plastics you'd have to find a different way to make integrated circuits
· laminators, the kind that sandwiches paper between two sheets of transparent plastic
· aluminum soft drink cans, which depend on a thin coating of plastic to protect the aluminum from the acid
· mechanically stabilized earth walls, which are used for most cuts into the earth for highways and underpasses (often mistakenly believed to be concrete, because concrete plates are hung on their faces). these depend on layering the earth with geotextiles to keep it from slumping over time, and the only natural material that could be used for the geotextiles would be asbestos, which is unacceptable due to the resulting health hazards. natural organic materials would rot and metals would oxidize. conceivably glass fiber could work, but it might be unacceptably hazardous as well
· nomex firefighting suits; no natural material combines the light weight, heat resistance (370°), thermal insulation, and flexibility that aluminized plastics do
· the most common types of 3-d printers (fdm, sla)
· scratch-and-sniff
· pencil erasers (natural rubber, again)
· car batteries; only plastics have the necessary combination of acid resistance, impact resistance, electrical insulation, and waterproofness for this application
· hepa filters
· n95 masks
· carbon fiber (made by carbonizing fibers made from a thermoset plastic)
· silicon carbide fiber such as tyranno (made by carbonizing fibers made from a thermoset silicone plastic)
· asbestos-free brakes (nomex/kevlar again)
· fire poi (kevlar with fiberglass or cotton)
· ping-pong balls
· knife-resistant gloves for meatpackers and cooks (kevlar again)
· shrinky dinks
· breathable waterproof fabric (gore-tex)
· ion-exchange membranes and therefore deionized water
· waterproof oven mitts (silicone)
· rtv high-temperature sealant (also silicone, filled with iron oxide)
· waterproof examination gloves (latex, nitrile, vinyl, etc.)
· garden hoses
· sneakers
well, some of them are pretty trivial (life without shrinky-dinks is just life) but others are pretty major. when i started out writing this i didn't realize that plastics were essential to literally every way to record motion picture or audio data until the invention of hard disks
There are a bunch of answers to your question the way you asked it (eg electrical components, or chemical processes that can only be contained in certain polymers) but let's skip them.
The scale of human society requires -a lot of stuff-, and plastics make that possible. Building materials, clothing, tools, storage, etc.
It costs an order of magnitude more to manufacture something out of wood or metal or glass than to make it out of plastic. And then the thing would often be more fragile or cumbersome.
Plastics do such a good job here that we get caught up in the problems their overabundance creates. But without them, costs of living globally would be drastically higher and way more people would be suffering from dire want.
plastics are more similar than oil-company products, but they are not similar enough to make general conclusions about them like this. the only thing sodium polyacrylate, teflon, polyester, and epoxy have in common is that they're cheap, moldable solids made from oil
I'm not advocating for tearing down any industry, just pointing out that such extreme rhetoric isn't very intellectual.
in particular, i don't think polypropylene plastic mulch, whether embrittling in the sun or inert in a landfill, is any more harmful than the quartz that makes up a large fraction of the soil it's covering. (less so, actually, because inhaling polypropylene particles doesn't give you lung cancer.) and i don't think the endocrine effects of bisphenol-a or the bioaccumulation of dechlorane plus is relevant to that judgment, since polypropylene plastic mulch doesn't contain them. they might contain some other harmful additive, but the problem then is the additive, not the plastic
said the previous poster in this thread I was responding to.
And why am I not allowed to rebut individual points?
I am not telling you what you're allowed or not allowed to do; I am encouraging you to engage with nuance. I apologize for the clearly misguided attempt.
Also, are there any agricultural billionaires? I kind of doubt it: usually they are rich but not that rich.
0: see Sri Lanka’s attempted shift to local, small scale agriculture and how that went.
Another great example case, thank you for pointing that out.
0: https://s3.amazonaws.com/oxfam-us/static/oa4/OA-CubaGoingAga...
What does that even mean? Sounds like depopulating most of the entire US West
Climate change is bad enough, but it is not going to render agriculture untenable in the next hundred years or so.
Show how the productivity per acre of arable land times the amount of land available produces enough calories to keep the current population of the world from starting. If you can't produce enough calories, vitamin content doesn't matter.
(hint: the productivity of small-scale farming is often << 10% of the productivity of large-scale farming and the productivity of garden-scale farming is typically < 1%)
Nutritionally-dense food can also change gut biome. I have no idea if anyone ever did a study on long term effects, but it would be interesting to see if the body ends up needing less overall calories if the food quality went up, along with changes in the gut biome.
As far as productivity goes, I don’t think the figures you are quoting takes into account methods other than monocropping. Industrial scale famers who went to polycropping, for example, find smaller yields on individual crops but their overall yield and profit were better. No-till, as another example, underperforms until about five years in.
And then there are losses during transport.
The closest I have seen was someone attempting 100% of his diet from gardens he has planted for a year or harvested himself. It was rough, in a tropical climate (Florida), but was possible. He had to use three gardens, though the deal he made with the residential landowners gave them the right to harvest anything at anytime in exchange for using their front yard. According to him, 80% was doable. I don’t know if he had integrated livestock.
As I mentioned in other comments, post-Soviet Cuba, under sanctions, were forced into developing this because of the lack of oil (trucks, tractors, fertilizer, and pesticides) and other imports.
Many. But maybe you mean only those getting their hands dirty in the field? Howard Buffet, perhaps. Some sources claim he is a billionaire.
I find most people who espouse your views typically don’t because the people they are always imagining dying/killing/banning from having babies are usually in the third-world, or at least very far away. They don’t imagine the very real killing, wars, etc. that would have to take place to forcibly sterilize people.
I don’t think organic agriculture is such an important end that we should render 7/8 of the population dead or infertile so that we can transition to organic.
Given the precipitous drops in fertility in the developed world, I'd say that this is happening.
The greenest people are north Americans (excluding Mexico) and Europe. They just so happen to not have any kids.
The solution is to put the economic burden of pollution onto those that cause it the most and right now the biggest burdens are on western states who do the most already to greenify their economies.
And don't post the innane," they're poor and need to burn coal to get ahead!". India is the worst offender with dumping plastic in the ocean. China is even worse with industrial pollutants destroying what good land they had.
The 3rd world needs to be brought to heel if climate change is to be stopped.
This is just reskinned eco-racialist rhetoric. We do not need to reduce our population to 1 billion by bringing billions of people in poorer countries ‘to heel’ via forced sterilization or killlings.
Until people like accept that reality either by visiting those countries to see how bad it really is, nothing will ever change.
Your "basic understanding" is certainly that.
FWiW tv and education are great at reducing population growth, Hans Rosling presentations of the past decades show the high correlation between these, women's rights, and reducing population growth.
Mitigating the effects of AGW is multi pronged, population will peak and fall, and then stabilise, this is already projected. Reducing insulating gas emmissions comes with changes in behaviour; alternate energy, reduced consumption, etc.
Doomsayers don't have to go full genocidal in their thoughts, you may consider winding back on that kind of simplistic thinking.
have a good one
"Reducing population" is phrased as an active control of population numbers. Populations fluctuate by other means than just genocidal ones, and I made no mention of one billion as a taget.
Do better.
there are real problems, you identify yourself as a greater contributor than the average global person, then you imply that others in this discussion feel superior to people in “those countries”
maybe stop blowing the consumption of “the marginal Chinese child out of the water”?
think globally, act locally
Just educate people on sexual health and offer contraceptives. It works.
also, to address the sentiments in your posts in general, if you’re against government intervention in farming, go ahead and give up farm subsidies, subsidies to oil companies, etc.
be consistent at least. lots of fingers on the scale, most of which prop up farmers and plastic producers.
There is a plausible route from disrupting large-scale agriculture to hundreds of millions+ starving, although they mostly would just ignore any organic, small-scale mandates.