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Probably diet and exercise. Would be interesting to see an interventional study based on this.

Sleep, maybe meditation, keep learning new challenging stuff (within given cognitive possibilities).

Brain is a 'muscle' so keep pushing at it, continuously, you can only help it.

Fwiw, at least one recent study indicates there is little benefit from exercising your brain: https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S136...

related news article (in Norwegian): https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/forskning-viser-at-hjernetrim-o...

That's like weight-lifting to prevent ALS. Dementia has multiple (suspected) causes, and they are unrelated to cognitive activity. There's no evidence you can prevent plaques or cardio-vascular damage by reading or puzzling, AFAIK.

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