I believe starlink is deliberately allowing the service to work in places without licensing [1], because they want to follow the precedent of other sat-phone and sat-TV operators who just have worldwide service without getting permission from every government first. (and in many cases don't have the ability to geoblock, because the signal beam covers entire continents)
[1]: https://www.itweb.co.za/article/icasa-takes-note-of-illegal-...
I don’t think anything is stopping them from triangulating if they wanted to, right?
Most governments don't care enough to do anything about illegal transmitting, but some, like the Indian coast guard, has been known to board ships and write out fines and cause a ton of paper work for ships sailing with transmitting satcom equipment. And often they don't know how to determine if the equipment is transmitting or not, so it's safest for the crew to just turn it off when within Indian territorial waters even if the satcom provider automatically mutes equipment.