For example, say you have a really hairy AI search algorithm, capturing a continuation happens to make backtracking easier.
Or you're implementing another language or DSL in Scheme, and you use first-class continuations to implement some control structure semantics exactly how you want them to be.
I think the closest I've used, in writing maybe a hundred modules, is an escape procedure (like a premature `return` statement in many other languages, which you generally avoid in idiomatic Scheme).