I think the massive blowback the College Board got from "Adversity Scores" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_SAT#2019_introd... would prevent them from doing that themselves.

However they do offer a "Landscape" which provides similar details and many admissions programs use that to do something like what you're describing.

I'm pretty sure The College Board (makers of the SAT) have done that analysis. Not sure if they share it publicly, but I'll bet they share it with admissions officers.

Of course you can argue that. There is nothing that is perfectly fair. More fair would be to individually interview every college candidate with questions custom tailored their life experience via video chat where their face and voice is obscured as well as any accent and speech affectation they might have.

But that certainly isn't scalable. I'd argue the SAT is one of the most fair things we have at scale.

It's true that the SAT used to be biased (for example the word problems would use the word regatta which a wealthy east coast teen would know but a poor west coast teen would not) but from what I've seen they've done a good job removing that bias (as shown by this paper).