If you want an excellent reference using Wi-Fi for long distance coverage plese check this book, but it's a bit dated and out-of-print now:
Deploying License-Free Wireless Wide-Area Networks:
https://www.ciscopress.com/store/deploying-license-free-wire...
For long distance terrestrial wireless communication on sub GHz wireless frequency, now people normally use Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) solutions like LoRa, SigFox or ELTRES, but SigFox has been out of business, and ELTRES being Sony mainly limited to Japan at the moment. That leaves majority of the LPWAN installation based on LoRa.
LoRa however is not without its problem namely the spreading factor (SF) between 8 and 12 limitations, if you want to go further you really want to use the highest SF but the bandwidth goes down exponentially and instead of Kbps you have merely lowest bits/bytes speed transmission even with clear Line-of-Sight (LoS). We have tested LoRa transmission over the sea (island to mainland) and it even works for more than 20 km. That's OK if you have only IoT systems where the job is turning some remote switch or relay to be on or off.
There is a real need for efficient low power higher bandwidth transmission (Mbps range not Kbps) and this how HaLow by IEEE as inside this post come into the picture, and another cellular based Reduced Capability (RedCap) standardized in 5G release 17 standard by competing organization 3GPP. These new standards has more higher bandwidth than the existing LoRa and existing 4G/5G standards for examples NB-IoT and LTE-M but the facts the latter standards use existing 4G/5G infrastructure is a big plus and the latest RedCap standard want to capitalize on that.