Dive is a great tool for debugging this. I like image reduction work just because it gives me a chance to play with Dive: https://github.com/wagoodman/dive
One easy low hanging fruit I see a LOT for ballooning image sizes is people including the kitchen sink SDK/CLI for their cloud provider (like AWS or GCP), when they really only need 1/100 of that. The full versions of both of these tools are several hundred mb each