If others took something else away I’d love to hear.
What I mean is, take the trolley problem, do you pull the switch to kill the single man over the group? One might say "of course, the value of 3 lives is more than one", but another may ask "why are they on the track, who set this in motion?".
And the latter framing is very important IMO. We'll often question the decisions of politicians of leaders but dutifully ignore the reasons why things ended up this way.
For example, something that makes everyone mad is American intervention around the world and the subsequent blowback from those policies. When experiencing the blowback, often times the "what do we do?" conveniently ignores how our own actions set things in motion. We cannot stop, after all the trolley is already on its way, so we never think to stop the next trolley before this becomes a problem again. The terrorists simply hate our freedom, any other reason for their actions is unimportant.
This story introduces the accelerationist who forces people to confront the "why" of the scenario and is so hated by everyone they are killed.
It feels to me more like a critique that change is impossible.
I don't think the story is trying to say "change is impossible", but rather that your only options aren't "status quo" or "leave".
The scenario is one that has no "solution", and pattern-seeking readers then imprint the story with their own worldview (a prime example is the "accelerationist" reply to your comment).
Or if the hypothesis were offered us of a world in which Messrs. Fourier's and Bellamy's and Morris's utopias should all be outdone, and millions kept permanently happy on the one simple condition that a certain lost soul on the far-off edge of things should lead a life of lonely torture, what except a sceptical and independent sort of emotion can it be which would make us immediately feel, even though an impulse arose within us to clutch at the happiness so offered, how hideous a thing would be its enjoyment when deliberately accepted as the fruit of such a bargain?
Whether the short story by Le Guin, the extract from James, the dilemma as it appears in Brothers Karamazov, the sacrifice of Jesus on a cross, or any other variation told on the happiness of many at the cost of the suffering of one is a critique of anything as anything should be a matter of personal judgement.