The bit of code at the center of an operating system that mediates access between userspace code and the hardware.
Whereas in CUDA programming, a kernel is just the code running on the device. When I first heard kernel in relation to CUDA programming, I expected it to be a) the actual OS kernel, and then b) something akin to a GPU driver.
I can see how NVIDIA got there, but it's not immediately obvious if you're coming from a SWE context.