It was a successful tactic used by banks and credit bureaus to shed their responsibility of proper verification when opening lines of credit or other accounts.
Or it can require ATM, which is not frictionless.
Businesses already ask for phone numbers anyway. Can it become worse?
Pseudonyms don't work for the topic under discussion, issuing credit. And for the general case, since credit issuers would be able to require you to do a non-psuedonym identification, then any other entity can require this as well, unless there were a privacy law.
(no idea what you mean by "ATM")
Because businesses want spammable addresses. That's why they won't ask for properly designed digital identification.
By ATM I mean you use ATM with your card to authenticate yourself. You can't use a smart card with thin air, can you?
I can walk into a shop with a handful of cash, buy an item, and leave without anyone knowing who I was. That should be true of any good or service, including banking, that does not require additional data for direct practical reasons related to the provision of the service, e.g. cleaners need to know where you live. "Prevention of fraud/laundering/terrorism/whatever" is not such a reason.
This is further complicated by US bank accounts including an intrinsic bit of credit from writing checks and other ACH debits.
Banks have notaries of the public. After you have established a relationship with a bank, the notary may have enough evidence to authenticate you for others. If you have continued to use the bank in an anonymous manner, then you should not be authenticated to others.