Without knowing the risk caused by it, it may signal nothing of the sort. The mechanics already had cleared the plane to fly. Very, very few planes have any sort of in-flight issue like that. Those facts, rather than our ignorant speculation, signal the state of the 'maintenance pipeline' (if such a thing exists).
It may be the case that some failures are expected and tolerated between periodic inspections, and the period is designed to catch anything before it gets too far.
There are clearly deep quality problems that have gone on beyond the door plug. Something is just off in the culture that it's completely normal to just have a lot of bolts missing, because it's within tolerance. If bolts come loose in non-visible places, that's what inspections are for.
The culture is apparently "eh there's missing bolts and it's too big of a pain to schedule and order them" for something that, in this plane's case, took minutes to fix.
That's a symptom of a very broken culture
I guess my main point is that it is very difficult for outside amateurs to judge quality culture. They dont know the risks, severities, and existing controls. Therefore they dont know if something is completely typical and acceptable, or outrageous.
I have had a small screw go through a plane propeller before. 1 missing screw, let alone 4, would terrify me.
well, obviously you are screwed.
edit: to be more constructive "Felipe Massa's life-threatening crash "( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEt5pbyiIdM )