Scratch off everything that requires internet access (in this case the Home Assistant integration talked to the vendor's API servers).
See also previous discussion on https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39044932
See also previous discussion on https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39044932
However, the app to control them cannot work without a connection to the server. It has no local device functions at all. It won't even launch if their servers are offline.
That's just next-level stupid to me. Why build in a useless option? If Bluetooth won't work without a server connection anyway, what's the point?
[0] https://www.silabs.com/wireless/z-wave/500-series-modules
For smaller non-appliance stuff there's CloudFree [1] which sells products from other vendors that can be reflashed with ESPHome (no affiliation, just a happy customer).