Paraphrase> "engineering/stem teaches you how to think"
Surely there are papers studying that? I'm certainly interested if you know of any.
My personal experience was the opposite - engineering degree teaching maths and how to be compliant[1] to an academic system of grading, but virtually nothing on practical engineering, causality or interpersonal skills. I have noticed the same problems in many of my academic peers. I went to a university in my country that was supposed to be an excellent engineering school.
After graduation I have met great piratical engineers with zero academic skills. Two close examples: a dyslexic friend, another who left school at 14.
[1] I think this is relevant where it talks about being taught to be compliant: "Escalation Theory: Compliance, Violence, and Overachievement In Society - How Elites Cause Crime By Acing Marshmallow Tests - Conrad Bastable"
https://radicalcontributions.substack.com/p/escalation-theor...
Good compromises and independence of thought are engineering skills.