The hovercraft's time might have arrived
bbc.com
bbc.com
We would drop things off the roof of the building and record with slow-mo cameras to calculate the formula for gravity, he lit hydrogen balloons on fire and you could feel the heat. The coolest day of the year was when we got to play with his “hovercraft”. He had repurposed a Vacuum cleaner to create a baby hovercraft.
It was basically a small platform, with a plastic tarp on the bottom that had little holes and when you turned the vacuum on it would expel the air and the little platform would ever so slightly lift up and glide across the ground.
The reason I remember it so vividly was because each of us students got a chance to sit on the chair atop the hovercraft platform and the teacher would push us down the hall and we’d “hover” from one side of the building to the other.
I am forever grateful for the teachers who go above and beyond to make learning fun for students with no reward to themselves.
The incidental lesson learned is that a private school board, principal and administrators who do the hard work to build a system and culture able to attract, hire and nurture one really great teacher tend to attract more than one. About half my kid's middle school teachers were extraordinary. When selecting schools just remember culture starts at the top and administrative regimes can change by eras so look at the recent history of board, principal and key staff turnover. I found out later the great principal who hired the teachers we loved had left the year before we started. Fortunately, it usually takes a few years for things to change much and our kid graduated middle school last year. I feel kinda bad for students starting there now though because some of the best teachers are starting to leave.
I had one of those teachers, albeit in (California public) high school. We're still in touch. Between the union fights, bloating administration and top-down mandates requiring him to dumb down his textbooks, he's looking for a job in the private sector.
It requires surprisingly little force to get a hover effect on a smooth surface like a gym floor.
Years later, I lived on the edge of Southsea Common in Portsmouth, and would regularly walk past these hovercraft terminals. The hovercraft do make quite a roar, as the article says, but were always fun to watch. I especially enjoyed "take-off" (if that's the right term?) when they would slide back off the beach into the sea and do a 180 simultaneously.
They do like to advertise the Portsmouth hovercraft service as being "unique", and say that no where else has such a service. So it's interesting to read that hovercraft are being used for regular services elsewhere in the world, such as in Japan, "to deliver passengers straight to the doors of the airport terminal across the Oita Bay without the need for a quay or even a connecting bus." Clever!
Several times I got the hovercraft in Portsmouth across to the Isle of Wight. One time I recall seeing a group of school children, presumably on their way back home to the Isle of Wight after a day of school on the mainland, and it brought back memories of my childhood questionnaire. I guess that option wasn't quite so ridiculous after all.
Depending on when this was, I might have been one of those kids. Back in… 1995?[0] My school in Havant sent us there for a week to some activity centre whose name I forget, where I was knocked unconscious by a trampoline.
[0] Such a nerd that I am, the week containing Wednesday 29 March 1995, which I remember because of which episode of TNG my dad recorded for me to watch later.
But TNG ended in 1994..
I much preferred the boat even though it took several times as long. Plus, the boat had arcade machines.
Loved Calais, though. Don't know how it is now, but in the 80s it was a very quaint little French tourist town.
March 1976, I did the Calais-Dover hovercraft crossing on a night of bad weather in the Channel. I was fine and actually enjoyed the motion — until the hovercraft got to Dover and had to cross maybe 50 yards of beach to get to the terminal, and then I got queasy from the vibration off the sand.
I agree that there's a lot that's impractical about hovercraft - especially when for crossing the channel there's so much competition: ferries, the tunnel, and (as you mention) flying. For people who want to take their car across, as I understand it the hovercraft took about as long as the eurotunnel does now to cross the channel - but the tunnel has much more capacity.
If it had operated closer to Cuba the Americans would surely have used it as a form of torture.
They were incredibly exciting, loud, bouncy machines. Huge spaces to drive into, they floated around like toys when maneuvering, made my mother very sea sick.
I loved it. My parents suffered them as it was before the tunnel and much faster than ferries.
As a child I wished we could do it all the time. As an adult it’s obvious why they didn’t take off. In even calm seas they were bouncy and we suffered delays that never stopped the ferries. The ferries offered more ports, nice restaurants, and cabins on the longer trips in western France or down to Spain. A far nicer way to travel. The hovercraft were like doing an NYC to NY trip on a WW2 DC3.
But, they were so much fun I’m glad to see them back. I wonder how they’ll do against the tunnel now.
These days we have other options for traveling fast across water. There are some interesting companies that build electrical boats with foils for example. But, I could see hovercraft making a comeback.
Electric hovercraft should be a lot less noisy and a lot cleaner to operate. They are in any case optimal for short distances. So, they wouldn't need an insane amount of battery even. The main challenges relate to charging them up quickly and cheaply with minimal hassle. Any inefficiencies could be offset by the power being relatively cheap.
Should do it again sometime
- Hydroplane ferry (Competitive speeds)
- Multirotor ground effect vehicle
A hovercraft could come up on land, which might simplify loading and unloading. But I don't think this is enough of an advantage.The weakness of hovercrafts in their earlier heyday was reliability, maintenance, and overall cost. Hydroplane ferries also have higher costs, but there are still some running to this day, so these must not be as high.
As air taxis and other electric aircraft start to benefit from economies of scale in the future, multirotor ground effect aircraft (think Ekranoplans) could also benefit. But the other electric aircraft would likely outcompete them, except on a few very high traffic routes.
A big advantage air taxis have, is greater flexibility in loading and unloading.
I remember going across the channel in a hovercraft - I think I was 6 years old because the only other possible time was when I was 3 and I don't think I'd remember well. The weather was terrible and I remember feeling seasick.
I'm going to Portsmouth this summer to give it another go.
I'm sure there are plenty of reasons though (perhaps noise?) for why this would be a stupid idea.
They would probably be rather more expensive and yet another thing to maintain and not carry that much. Ontop of that where would you hide them so that the opponent wouldn't concentrate effort to remove them? The more effective they were the more they would get targeted and be difficult to protect.
I really just think that nobody has tried - there probably aren't such a lot of hovercraft "on the second hand market" that can be bought and fixed up to go and the only ones in large supply are very small recreational vehicles.
See: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landing_Craft_Air_Cushion>
The US have around 100 LCAC and similar vehicles, with a cargo capacity of ~60 tonnes, or 120--180 troops, each.
Hovercraft might prove useful in some cases for traversing minefields, but would be hampered by terrain (hovercraft have poor hill-climbing and slope-traversal characteristics), and might best be utilised after major combat risks are reduced, as part of de-mining operations.
russia, china, india - you name it
Running costs on LCACs are, frankly, insane. They offer a capability that’s unique, but they cost a fortune to do it.
Source: Previously an LCAC Navigator.
Seen quite a bit, and you aren’t wrong.
Honestly, a choice I made any given day running my section had more impact than my lifetime of private choices for emissions. Just another thing to fight with as far as ethics after retirement.
I take it you were as well? I graduated PS class 0204.
https://www.firetruckmall.com/AvailableTruck/10923/2018-Neot... this would seem to be the source, is it a test? but why would you use a real quadbike in freezing water for a test? Looks terrifying.
Why the airship's time might have arrived
Why the maglev's time might have arrived
Why the supersonic passenger aircraft's time might have arrived
Why the hydrofoil ship's time might have arrived
Why the ground effect vehicle's time might have arrived (Ok, that's a bit far-fetched)
...
I read a lot of these articles along the years, but it always turned out that the time hadn't actually arrived after all - one notable exception being electric cars...
I had the chance to live in Calais in the early 90's and seeing the Princess Anne and Margaret in operation. They were one of the coolest form of transportation.
- Airships were the original form of air travel before airplanes obsoleted them, still have some use for publicity (Goodyear blimps) or recreative flying.
- There are a few maglev lines in regular service in China. There were others in other places before.
- Concorde. Not anymore though.
- There are quite a few hydrofoil ships in operation today.
- Ground effect vehicles are just planes that fly low. They exist, but I am not aware of passenger service with these.
The system in London works, but was not built in a very useful place. While it's a handy way to get from the O2 arena to the Excel convention centre (something people needed during the 2012 Olympics), it's very rare for a longer journey to be made quicker by connecting to it - most of the time you can go to a different station and change. While it is part of the London Oyster fares system, it costs extra to ride.
Medellin in Colombia, for example:
Around that time they also developed various missiles and torpedoes that could be fired in a general direction, which would then enter search patterns and look for targets on their own using radar or sonar.
All mentioned are nice technologies, but not commercially viable except of special cases.
"Electric cars" are a patently ridiculous concept. I guarantee you in the future we're using personal electric vehicles (scooters and variations thereof), not "electric cars".
In the future most vehicles will be man-sized and powered by electrical motors. "Cars" will exist only for hauling freight, and probably only ever occasionally rented, not owned.
Like it or not, cars aren't going anywhere. A scooter lifestyle might work for you but it doesn't work for a large enough portion of the population that your wishes for society will never come to pass.
Btw, electric scooters are possibly the most idiotic form of personal electric transport; electric bicycles are much safer. The geometry of a scooter, small wheels far below the center of mass of the rider, makes them fundamentally unstable at any speed. Considering bicycles exist, scooters are completely senseless and should probably be banned outright. You are far more likely to crash a scooter by yourself, simply by losing control of it, than to crash a bicycle. Scooters really are for young people who still think they're invincible; which explains why most riders don't even wear helmets.
Having the wheels far below the center of mass of the whole system (rider + scooter) makes them MORE stable, a bit similar to reversing a car with a long trailer instead of a short one. Compare to something like a racing recumbent bicycle, where the center of mass is really low. Those are very hard to balance at lower speeds.
You're so high above the wheels on en e-scooter (or just a regular kick scooter) that you can easily swerve (i.e. laterally displace the wheels, but not your torso) around a pothole or a puddle without changing the direction of travel. That's the opposite of instability.
Bicycles naturally stay upright. You can push one without a rider and it will roll alone until it loses speed. Try the same with a scooter and it will immediately fall.
The fact that you can push a bicycle without a rider and it will roll, while most small-wheeled kick-scooters will fall, is not caused by a higher center of mass, but by the geometry of the front wheel, mainly the steering angle, fork offset and trail. Without a rider, a) the center of mass isn't even that different and b) it doesn't really matter how they behave without one, because the rider is part of the system.
This is a "once a week" situation. As time goes on it will become increasingly hard to justify the cost of something you use once a week, especially when other options (groceries delivery) are cheaper and more convenient.
P.S. Scooters are popular because they don't need skill to ride, despite being worse in other respects. As time goes on this, too, will change; learning to ride some sort of PEV will be normal.
This is already happening where I live, because it makes economic sense. (They can sell upscale and more varied groceries without paying for upscale real estate.)
Americans will continue driving to Costco. There is no conceivable future where this minor transportation cost becomes hard to justify, especially when you factor in the cost savings of buying in bulk.
What was replaced were dense cities and compact towns, along with more distributed rural living, though the traditional form of that, still found in some places in Europe and elsewhere, is of small towns from which farmers travel to their (nearby, but not immediately proximate) fields.
In the city/town example, where the total urbanisation rarely extended more than a few kilometers or miles (as in low single digits), one would walk to shops or the market square, and purchases were carried, occasionally pulled in carts or wagons, or later delivery by the merchant was arranged.
Some goods, particularly fresh / readily spoiling ones (milk, eggs, ice) were delivered by cart door-to-door.
I'm not saying that we necessarily are returning to a similar circumstance, though it's a possibility you and others on this thread seem not to even consider. I'd suggest that this is an error. What a post-carbon world will entail is much more expensive private vehicle costs, where EVs seem to runs 2--4x the cost of an equivalent ICE vehicle, which would make ownership more challenging and various alternatives, including smaller transport options (bicycles, electric bikes and scooters, "city cars", and the like) more viable. I'm going to suggest that the Uber/Lyft ride-hailing revolution has proved a failure with many of the purported benefits (less traffic & congestion, universal availability, lower cost, less demand for parking) falling well short of advertised potential.
And I'm not claiming that the transformation will be instantaneous. Mass-market automobiles first appeared in 1901 (Ford's Model T and equivalent General Motors offerings), whilst tract suburban development didn't gain significant momentum until the late 1940s (Levittown, PA), and weren't fully mature until the 1970s, a lag of a half to three quarters of a century. De-suburbanisation may well follow a similar timescale. And yes, it's worth noting that there were a few minor road-bumps on the path to suburbanisation (the Great Depression, World War II).
<https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39005696>
<https://www.newsweek.com/americans-can-no-longer-afford-thei...>
Scooters can be quite convenient due to smaller size.
In general, banning things that are too risky for an individual's taste seems wrong. Individuals should be allowed to take risks with their own bodies as long as they are fully informed of those risks. Skiing or having children might be too risky for me but imposing that preference on others isn't showing empathy.
Many single people exist who shop using a backpack, in the peer comments there is an example of a Japanese small car of the year that suits people of a different country.
Big cars are a US lifestyle choice.
Even if you are talking only about Light Trucks and SUVs as an exclusively American choice, most customers in the BRICs and the most affluent developing countries now prefer a SUV if they can afford one. The only reason light-trucks and SUVs don't outsell light cars in those countries as much as in the USA is the income differential.
Cars per-capita? Well, the US has more cars per-capita than almost anyone, but not by a so big factor, it only has 2x the number of cars per-capita then, let's say, Brazil.
So, no, for what is worth, people seem to prefer to have a personal car as soon as they can afford one, and as soon as their income increases they also seem to have the same american stupid desire for trucks and SUVs.
Nonetheless, large families throughout time and space have somehow managed to survive without a yank tank, this suggests that while they may be desirable they are hardly neccessary.
We use our car to travel longer distances, like soccer tournaments over 5 miles away, or on the very rare case I need to haul something really big (which is such a rare need it’s worth just renting a truck).
Cars keep you much better protected from temperature, weather and traffic; it seems very unlikely to me that people will just forgo these comforts to rent electric rollers in the future.
Keeping a similar total number of privately owned cars, but almost all electric, sounds MUCH more likely to me.
Cars are a massive waste of energy and resources compared to other transport options we have now.
Societis/cultures who ignore efficiency will be eventually forced to adapt against their will. It's just market economics.
(E.g., you can be obstinate and waste a significant chunk of your income just for the perceived comfort of a car, but over a few generations these people will lose in economic competition to people who act rationally.)
As PV goes down its experience curve, the cost of operating an electric vehicle will fall. As batteries go down their curves, the cost of the vehicles themselves will fall. This will naturally push the equilibrium tradeoff point to larger, more energy intensive vehicles.
Cargo bikes can be a great option, though.
https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/urban-ru...
The question is about convenience. Cars and parking, parking lots, moving through them, being stuck behind one or two cars traveling into and out of a parking lot. Even if there is ample parking, you generally have to walk longer distances from that than you do when you bike. That is why biking can be more convenient than driving. It’s not that you have to search for parking for 30-40 minutes at both ends of you trip, it’s that driving has all sorts of annoyances, like random traffic from crashes, lots of waiting at signals, lots of waiting for others to get their cars out of the way in parking lots. That’s always been my experience driving, and that includes the very rural place where my parents live. When you travel into town for groceries, you still have to deal with moving a car through all of those situations. If I’m closer than 2 or 3 miles to where I’m going, my preference is definitely not driving, because overall it’s more annoying than biking.
This must be why European cars are generally smaller than American cars. It has nothing to do with the lack of tax breaks on large vehicles, historically higher gas prices, and notoriously smaller parking spots. Nothing at all. Europeans just like smaller cars, right?
And let’s not get into why half of Asia seems to ride around on tiny little 50cc vespas/scooters. I’m sure that’s just more comfortable there what with all the extremely hot weather and monsoon rains.
For example: Going bonkers crazy on insulation is a common thing to do in Europe. We had TV ads for triple-pane windows back in the 1990s in a country (Slovenia) where re-doing your windows costs an annual wage or more. Because over N years it comes out cheaper than paying for energy.
Energy is so cheap in USA, at least in CA where I am, that even in 2024 seeing double-pane windows on a house is rare. Let alone triple or quadruple pane, which have become the norm back home.
In 2017, 59% of homes in the US had double paned windows.
https://dwmmag.com/survey-multi-pane-windows-now-on-59-perce...
> Cars are a massive waste of energy and resources compared to other transport options we have now.
Comfort is something we spend energy and resources on. This is a good thing.
You could potentially argue its too much energy/resources but that's not a determination you can make, not having access to people's internal emotional states. Some people really like giant fuzzy toys, some like nothing more than flying and some like fancy VR.
We should let people spend the energy/resources they earn on what gives them the most comfort/enjoyment or we'll be Typical Mind Fallacying our way to collective unhappiness.
(The above assumes that the externalities of cars are correctly priced in in the form of car insurance, road tax, congestion charge and fuel duty)
The low rung was the scooter/bicycle and the expense and convenience went up from there.
The streets are absolutely clogged with every level of transportation and everyone was busy and going fast.
Quite a contrast to rural New England but obviously the future. I see a college professor riding a one wheel about 2 miles from campus going up an incline that stretches for 2 miles. The road turns to dirt as it crosses state lines to Vermont. I dislike the ride on my bicycle. I stopped him once and I think he said he had 40 mile range!?
I think you mean car traffic. Cars create most of the dangerous traffic conditions that exist in our cities and neighborhoods.
While the GP’s post is idealistic, so many places are working to make non-car travel safer, it’s not hard to imagine a future where people choose more convenient modes of transportation as they feel safer doing so. Bikes as an example, tend to be easier to park, avoid most traffic issues (never really get stuck in traffic) and generally don’t have to look for parking at your destination. The only downside is their utility is generally mostly for local travel (last mile) of about 2 miles.
My guess is that for people that live within 2 miles of their work, school, and other needs, you’ll start seeing most households drop to a single car, with electric bikes making up most of the utility needs. It’s hard to predict a timeline here, and is highly dependent on a communities attention to making roads safer for non-car users. But for communities that do make those safety improvements you see big upticks in bike usage for things like taking kids to school, daily food shopping, and travel to work.
No; I mean that a car protects reliably in case of an accident. When on a bike, roller or on foot you are MUCH more likely to bleed or break bones. Bike-on-bike crashes can be fatal, even if there were zero cars or trucks around.
Living within 2 miles of work for the majority sounds just improbable to me without falling back on short-term renting (maybe even then). Outside urban centers- impossible.
Earliest cars were essentially horseless carriages. I think the norm of multiple people travelling together (as a family) has been set.
A vehicle which isn't moving is not performing its job as transport; and is instead wasting space. Your scenario is better served by public transit, which doesn't require any parking (outside of official maintenance depots, etc.). It also scales to groups of several hundred, whilst a car can only take around 5 individuals (perhaps a few more in a minivan, but that just makes the inefficiency of moving it around and wasting space on parking even worse for the entire rest of its lifetime!)
My motorcycle in the garage would disagree
There's a simple test - can you put it on your porch or in a hallway?
If the building has ramps for handicapped and elevators you can put your motorcycle everywhere, even on floor 10 or 100 or even 1000.
Weird take when electric cars are widespread and are for many people the best form of travel available (e.g. particularly people who live rurally with rooftop solar)
They might be overhyped but to call them a "ridiculous concept" is at this point itself ridiculous
Secondly, this is a timeframe of about 30 years. Making dedicated lanes for PEV's is not that hard. (I bet the urban planners in big cities are already making plans, considering how much of the delivery services have already switched to PEV's.)
I think the interesting thing about many childless people is that they literally cannot even process how the needs of a family with children may differ from their own lived experience.
I've never been on these other things, although maglev is quite common in East Asia, no?
This spring an EV hydrofoil commute ferry will start its first route in Stockholm, Sweden: https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/stockholm/flygande-elfarja...
Another one I'll bring up is reusable rockets. Talked about for decades, then SpaceX made it practical and won big with the first stage of the F9. I'll argue Musk identified what was holding back previous efforts: that is, they were more optimized for raising funding from government (with all the associated political baggage) rather than achieving practical results.
A perhaps more common course for late blooming technologies is long evolution in niche markets until they break into the big time. Overnight successes that take decades. Photovoltaics are of this kind.
Sometimes a technology blooms because of advances made elsewhere. Arguably EVs have come because of advances in power electronics and Li-ion batteries that came from other industries.