I took a photo like that with a ~ 1 year exposure time. The patterns the sun makes are really cool, you can make out the moments with and without sunshine throughout the days.
My gut feeling of doing this for one year: 1000 years is just plain impossible. Not with something made out of metal with an actual hole in it. Maybe some glass capped ceramic to avoid water ingress and corrosion... but after one year, my camera was already full of weird goop.