You can still do it off of one IP but it becomes more expensive as you now have to understand the protocol, and to route based on the handshake.

For tls1.2, that's usually routing based on server name identifier in the ClientHello and you can do it pretty trivially

For Minecraft.. you would probably need to write your own proxying logic. But as long as the protocol includes some info on what it's trying to connect to you could still do it.

Alternatively you could do it like the old quakeworld spectator proxies and just write a custom Minecraft server people connect to that then presents a menu in game to pick a server that it then connects to.