But any other payment made to that address/pubkey are perfectly spendable by whomever has the matching private key.
Though that misunderstanding is somewhat common, so it's not impossible that the payee believed that they were sending the coins to an unspendable address.
As for supply limitation, the current market cap of BTC is USD 860B, so this is 0.0001%.
There are a number of addies with Bitcoins stored on them that are extremely unlikely (probability so tiny it's just zero for all intents and purposes) to be accessible:
This one for example (with a current balance of around $1.2k):
https://blockchair.com/bitcoin/address/1BitcoinEaterAddressD...
Here's a list from our friends at r/Buttcoin:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Buttcoin/comments/3kqdjv/a_list_of_...