I had always thought that Submarine chow was better so as to act as a morale booster. Apparently that's not the case.
That said, some sailors consistently come back bigger, and some consistently come back smaller, so it's mixed. :)
I have noticed overall that the tendency seems to be for most folks to get trimmer, just because in general you're walking/moving around more and there's generally no alcohol available. Going up and down ladderwells to get everywhere burns calories even if you're not a gym rat.