Is it possible to use hyper v directly? Like could I boot into linux but switch over to Windows with just a key press? I'm guessing no since its not in Microsoft interest to do so
But it's no problem to run Linux on Hyper-V. It's a hypervisor, off course you can start nearly any operating system as a VM. You can also give the VM access to some hardware components. But I don't think it's possible to get a full native Linux desktop experience, with GPU/Screen, Keyboard and Mouse connected to the host system.
Edit: this post seems to answer your question, not sure if it's correct: https://superuser.com/a/1531799
You can install ESXi (free) to do what you are asking, though.
And I think a very similar thing can be archived with Windows Server Core. Running Hyper-V with just a minimal Windows installation for management, without the full Windows UI.