It means you can still read tab titles when you have more than a dozen tabs open. Plus you can nest and rearrange your tabs to fit your work or study.
For some, like me, it's a game changer and I dislike using chrome now because it doesn't support vertical tabs.
Caveat: to disable top-of-window tabs you have to use a user chrome CSS file, so it's not just "install extension, enable checkbox" easy.
It's not just vertical tabs (which MS Edge has an option for), it's tree-structured vertical tabs. If you open a link in a new tab, the new tab will become a child of the original tab, making it easy to identify related groups of tabs. The subtrees can be expanded/collapsed. There are a lot of configurable options (e.g., to automatically collapse a subtree when you open a new one).
More info on the extension's page: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/tree-style-ta...
As someone pointed out in a sibling comment, Sidebery gives you a similar UI. I haven't used it as much, but it seems to work OK too.
Also I switched from Tree Style Tab to Sidebery. I like it better for some reason.