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...in a capitalist society. There are systems other than capitalism.

What is an example of a noncapitalist society with an open source software scene?

What is it that you want to know? The point is that in a society with a more socialist or communist approach, "ownership" of software can work entirely differently.

What the FSF calls "free software" and what OSI calls "open source" are essentially mechanisms for implementing such approaches in a capitalist context, in which the abstraction of "intellectual property" is enshrined in law.

I want to know how a socialist or communist approach can produce a viable open source ecosystem, and I want to learn about it by studying the actual results of an existing system, not the whim of theory.

If you want to make progress and improve things, but you limit yourself only to things that have existing examples, you're absolutely guaranteeing that you can only go backwards.

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