Chinese villagers capture video of falling Long March rocket booster [video]
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[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazin...
edit: Oh yeah, those of you who are concerned about the toxic fumes from gas stoves (popular HN topic), this is exactly* that thing—except the stoves' are measured in micrograms and what you're watching in rocket disaster videos is multiple tonnes. One of these lands on your house, and you will not need to worry about long-term cancer risks ever again.
*(To be accurate, NO2 ⇌ N2O4 interconvert in dynamic equilibrium)
... and isn't N02 red while N204 is clear? So, to be pedantic, the red they're seeing is N02?
WP about N-Nitrosodimethylamine, which apparently dimethylhydrazine is a precursor to "Contamination of drinking water with NDMA is of particular concern due to the minute concentrations at which it is harmful, the difficulty in detecting it at these concentrations, and to the difficulty in removing it from drinking water. It does not readily biodegrade, adsorb, or volatilize. As such, it cannot be removed by activated carbon and travels easily through soils. "
But this one hardly had multiple tonnes,hadn't it? It was a spent side booster, so the most of the stuff had been burned before the separation, I think.
Given that the total weight of fuel at launch in this thing is couple hundred tonnes then yes, the margin for error can be multiple tonnes, but we will not know because the exact value will depend on the particulars of this launch.
most people cannot appreciate just how powerful hypergolic fuels really are. theres just no comparison, even when you see them IRL.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfuXUr-_Rns ("Proton M Rocket Explosion 02/07/2013")
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycRVAcZC5R4 ("More Videos Of The Russian Proton M Launch Failure And Explosion With Three GLONASS Satellites")
(There's lots of different camera angles on YouTube; not sure which one to post).
https://library.sciencemadness.org/library/books/ignition.pd...
Holiday promo at Rutgers University Press (I'm not affiliated with them, other than being a recent customer :)
https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/holiday-sale/
https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/ignition/978081359583...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_March_3B
They launched it in Sichuan in a fairly populated region. Supposedly, only 6 people died, but there are rumors that many more were killed.
Deaths and injuries are always underreported in Chinese media and government figures, because there cannot be any information that is damaging to the public image of the CCP; and if the CCP control everything, then there can't be damaging information about anything.
Only?!
The last starships have all exploded in some sort of spectacular fashion, but I don’t think anyone has ever had to worry about a booster exploding on their head.
For reference, there's of order 1 death per billion dollars spent in construction in the US per year. The statistical value of life in the US is roughly $10M, so it's only 1% of cost. I presume in China the statistical value is lower by a factor of 3-10, so it wouldn't be surprising that many dozens or even hundred of workers had been killed since the program started.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/disaster-a...
One thing that wiki omits is that the foreign observers were not allowed to leave the launch site for several hours and it appears that during this time the entire area was swept by SAR or recovery teams.
Also not noted in Wiki is that the launch took place at 3am, so if everyone was evacuate for safety per the official claim they would have had to have overnight accommodation.
Edit add: Here is another and perhaps better link https://www.thespacereview.com/article/2323/1
Nearly everyone else (US, Japan, ESA, India) launches it from sea-coasts. I guess Russia does the same thing (Baikanour), but I haven't heard of such incidents from their side.
Edit: Apparently Roscosmos' stuff usually falls on unpopulated regions in Siberia. Surprised China didn't build a launch center on the coast (probably still an issue because of the numerous islands looking out from their coast).
It would be very strange if the rockets fell out of the sky after killing people on the ground.
Maybe this is common?
(I understand it's a particularly deep and difficult engineering problem to solve this in space: in zero-gravity, liquid fuels turn into bubbles floating around in nearly-empty fuel tanks—all sorts of phenomena going on).
Common axes they care about in rocket design are weight, cost in money, reliability/complexity, and lately reusability.
You do not want extra weight on your rocket. Every bit of non-fuel weight you add means you have to add extra fuel, and the extra fuel to carry the extra fuel along with any extra tank needed for the extra fuel. It gets bad fast.
It just isn't worth it when you can just add that weight as fuel that normally doesn't get used. Ideally would dump in the ocean (which you cleared) so it didn't matter (much).
> I sort of imagine a board with a spring on the top end of the canister
You are better off doing it with gas pressure instead of a spring, but yeah absolutely. Very good thinking.
Perihelions says it absolutely right. (Fitting nick name :))
There is a beautifull footage of the phenomenon from spacex: https://youtu.be/mVAGoWJuDKk?si=AkjH5hAm-dHC0V87
From 34s onwards it shows an internal view of the liquid oxygen tank. Just to better understand the picture the camera is inside the cylindrical tank. The viewpoint is facing backwards, so the camera is at the bulkhead closer to the tip of the rocket and it is looking “down” towards the engines. The blue “magical portal” is the surface of the liquid oxygen draining away rapidly by the rocket engines. And then suddenly there is main engine cutoff and the rocket is no longer pushed forward by the engines. That is when you see that the “magical portal” sloshes to the side and then breaks up into many floating bubbles. They float because the whole rocket, including the liquid oxygen is in free fall.
Why is this a hard problem? It is absolutely not a problem… unless you want to re-ignite the engine. (Which you might want to do to conduct further maneuvers) If you do that and don’t do anything special to shepherd the fuel to the pumps of the rocket engine they might not suck in a propellant bubble. If they don’t your engine fails to reignite. If the engine ignited, but then the pumps suck in a gas bubble they will break apart. So you absolutely have to coax the fuel to the intake before you try to reignite.
How do you do that? There are multiple strategies. At smaller scales you can try to have a flexible bladder. But at large rockets your best bet is to accelerate the rocket forward so all the propellant sloshes to the back and then you can ignite. Once the engine(s) are ignited you don’t have to worry about it anymore (that much) because the acceleration will keep the propellants bunched up at the aft bulkhead.
But if you need the engines to be ignited to accelerate, and you need to accelerate to ignite them then you have a circular dependency. How do you in theory solve this? You have some other mean of temporary propulsion. Either a cold gas truster, or a monopropellant rocket with a flexible blader, or a solid propellant engine. It doesn’t have to be powerfull, and it doesn’t have to push you for long. Just enough to collect the propellant while the main engines are reignited. These auxilary motors are frequently called ullage rockets.[1]
Now of course how long is long enough, and how much push you need is the black magic with the whole thing.
(And of course this has nothing to do with the pictured rockets. I don’t think those are reignitable.)
There's some diagrams and discussion here: https://exrocketman.blogspot.com/2021/08/propellant-ullage-p...
Edit: The tank isn't at vacuum. It started full of liquid oxygen. I assume (without researching) that the oxygen would change phase and fill the void with gas as the liquid is pumped out.
Overall, it's less of a problem in pump fed rockets, since the gas only has to pressurize the propellant up to the inlet pressure of the pumps, not above the pressure of the rocket thrust chamber as it would in tank pressure fed rockets.
1: this is not easy at all, they lost a rocket due to the helium bottle breaking free once: https://sma.nasa.gov/SignificantIncidents/assets/spacex-falc...
> wouldn't pulling a vacuum in the tank on the way up make it a lot harder to pump the liquid
It would make it impossible to pump. But that is not the only reason you need a pressurant. The tank wall is relatively thin. It would implode in the lower atmosphere if you would have vacuum in it.
(The color is characteristic of nitrogen dioxide, which is a breakdown product of many hypergolic propellants.)
https://www.space.com/boaters-crash-spacex-crew-dragon-splas...
i don't disagree though, maybe for differing reasons
Allowing a rocket to fall on land like that shows extreme contempt for public safety.
From to the Range Commanders Council Range Safety Group, 2010, summary of FTS requirements:
2. produce a small number of pieces, all of which are unstable and impact within a small footprint;
And also another requirement relevant to this particular video where the spent booster clearly had uncombusted carcinogenic hypergolic fuel when it hit the ground:
3. control disposition of hazardous materials (burning propellant, toxic materials, radioactive materials, ordnance, etc.);
Success is all that matters.
I think that's a ideology thing that goes across borders, as it's a problem on both sides of the pacific.
Other countries seem to be very careful with their reentry plans.
- American AI “safety” practices have little or nothing in common with best practices in other fields of engineering, to the extent they can be said to exist at all (most AI safety work focuses on making sure the AI doesn’t say anything that might offend someone).
- When a rocket blows up, people die but we learn from the mistake. When an AI seriously “threatens humanity”, humanity dies and we very possibly don’t get a second chance.
AI taking over the world is, as yet, an imagined threat.
When AI proves it will take over the world and China builds theirs without the "don't take over the world" code mandated by every other country, let's talk more.
Unfortunately if that happens, we won’t be able to!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergolic_propellant#Disadvan...
Maxim 43
https://schlockmercenary.fandom.com/wiki/The_Seventy_Maxims_...
We have no possible way of knowing that, given this is Communist China with a press-freedom index of approximately -∞, and a *documented history* [0] of concealing and covering up politically-inconvenient mass casualty events, including, very specifically, government rocket boosters landing on civilians.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelsat_708
- "The nature and extent of the damage remain a subject of dispute. The Chinese government, through its official Xinhua news agency, reported that six people were killed and 57 injured. Western media speculated that between a few dozen and 500 people might have been killed in the crash; "dozens, if not hundreds", of people were seen to gather outside the centre's main gate near the crash site the night before launch.[4] When reporters were being taken away from the site, they found that most buildings had sustained serious damage or had been flattened completely.[4] Some eyewitnesses were noted as having seen dozens of ambulances and many flatbed trucks, loaded with what could have been human remains, being taken to the local hospital.[4]"
I guess I was more responding to the general sentiment in the thread about AI and human rights.
Guess I was reacting to the rest of the thread that was discussing AI and Human Rights.
Edit: There is more video here. https://spacenews.com/china-launches-new-beidou-satellites-r...
So just curious, how fast would you think it should be, and how fast do you think it is in the video?
They keep using inland launch sites when this is a known significant risk, so objectively they are not trying very hard.
Do you know why?
Leaving out the deeply incorrect "stone age" part, that strikes me as a perfectly reasonable objective fact.
Just to say: this is real bad. Very hazardous to their own people both long and short term. There are historical reasons why they do it, but they could do things differently if they would want to. The underlying reason is that the system does not value the life of the people living in that area.
> we are good
The US has many systemic problems. But in this particular regard they are absolutely the good ones. The US exhibits a lot of systematic disregard toward the health of its population and select subsects of it. This particular kind of careless disregard would not be acceptable in the US.
All in all, you might be right about your point. But this is the worst example to bring it up under.
These are not accidents. Sometimes in the US, or elsewere, an airplane falls on your house. This is not that case. The rocket in these videos didn’t “go wrong”. (Altough sometimes they do go wrong and then they cause even more devasation.)
Some engineer in some non-descript office did a briefing. It went something like this “We will launch the rocket at X. The first stage will land somewhere in the indicated area on the map. It will contain Y kg nitrogen tetroxide, and Z kg hydrazine. Ok?” And their bosses said: “ok”. That is the problem.
> The effort they have put in to reduce pollution in their cities.
I know nothing about that and therefore i will not comment on it. I know about rockets, that is why i commented on that. But do post when you have sources so we can all learn.
Because it is inherent in the technology. Lower stages of a multi stage rocket separate and fall off as they run out of fuel. Where they fall is the question of where the launch site is and in which direction the rocket is launched.
> We recently saw a lot of train derailings in the states
A derailing is not the right analogy. That is an anomaly. Something which is not supposed to happen, and people are acting to prevent it. If you want a rail analogy this is like a train crossing a bridge between station A and B. It will keep happening because it is designed to happen. It is inherent in the design.
Yeah, let's not go there
"Eschew flamebait. Avoid generic tangents."