While we Texans might find it polite or friendly, in the corporate world I’ve been told to avoid using it in emails.
The singular polite "y'all" I'm referring to is generally used when the other party is not known. F.ex. I regularly, though certainly not always, hear clerks, waiters, or other service industry workers using "y'all" singularly when asking "what can I get y'all to eat" or "y'all need anything else" when speaking to exactly one person, and I use it that way myself.
I think this is the formal singular "y'all" that people keep referring to. It can sometimes be short for "you and your family," which is why you would see it in greetings and goodbyes e.g. "How are y'all doing today" or "I hope to see y'all again soon."
For signs of formality, it has the indirection of not addressing the person directly (like "your grace" "your honor" or "your mercy"), and is usually used as an stylized expression of concern. To my ear, "How was y'all's holidays?" sounds really professional, like how your lawyer would start a meeting.
"Y'all" = plural you
"All y'all" = "all of [plural] you" as distinct from "some of you/y'all"
Don't think I've ever heard a singular y'all. "How ya doin'" would be the singular version of "How y'all doin"
"y'all" - explicitly addressing >1 person
"y'all" - explicitly addressing 1 person while implicitly addressing >1 people. I might say "how y'all doin" to a friend, implying "how are you and your family doing"
"all y'all" - >>1 person or addressing >1 person that was not included in the previous "y'all"
"y'all" - explicitly and implicitly addressing 1 person whom I have not made acquaintance with. If I were working as a server in a restaurant and had a single person come in, I may address them with "y'all". "What can I get y'all?" is the same as "what can I get you?" but the "y'all" gives it some extra politeness or an "emphatic southern accent"
"You" implicitly means "thou and thine underlings" when used in singular. Which makes in polite.
"y'all" will probably share the same fate in English.