I looked at the same article and this jumped out at me:
> The World3 model is based on five variables: "population, food production, industrialization, pollution, and consumption of nonrenewable natural resources. At the time of the study, all these variables were increasing and were assumed to continue to grow exponentially, while the ability of technology to increase resources grew only linearly
As we all know, almost all continents have a negative birth rate with the exception of Africa [1]
Large populations such as China with their one child policy, have curtailed their population growth.
We've lost a significant amount of people in Russia/Ukraine, and now Gaza.
In some areas we have limited availability of surface water, and deep aquifers are being tapped in unsustainable manners.
Post-Covid mortality is trending down in many western countries too.
[1] https://ourworldindata.org/fertility-rate