No, it can't. Modern can not refer to a previous era.
This was coined in around 1500 AD to refer to the current era. If the present is the modern era, then that backs up my position that modern refers to the current time.
via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art
"Modern" can refer to a previous era, and in fact it does!
So yes, it refers to a specific era in the past.
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-tec...
Here Intel is talking about CPUs from the present. It isn't talking about CPUs from the 1940s.
Folks here are genuinely trying to help. "Modern computer" clearly has a special meaning in the context of building a computer from scratch; the term is used in contrast to calculators or specialized number-crunching machines, both of which are computers and are of interest to tinkerers.
I am not trying to assert that. In computing when setting out to design or make something "modern" that has 1 expected meaning.
>then I'd point out that computer != CPU
The book focuses on the CPU part of the computer, but the way memory, graphics, and input is done isn't modern either.
>the term is used in contrast to calculators or specialized number-crunching machines
Those have CPUs in them too and most would be more advanced than the CPU from this book.