I'm not saying this to take away from those works, but to let you know that as you dig in, if you find a few that you really dislike... just put them aside and try another. You'll find the authors and styles you enjoy.
On the other hand the Gateway series (Frederik Poul) is still one of my favorites. And Wasp by Eric Frank Russell is in my top 3.
* "Hyperion" by Dan Simmons
* "Daros" by Dave Dobson
* "The Martian" by Andy Weir (technically includes Earth)
If you don't mind lighthearted fun:
* "Bobiverse" by Dennis E. Taylor (starts on Earth, goes beyond solar system)
* "Dim Stars: A Novel of Outer-Space Shenanigans" by Brian P. Rubin
Ursula K. Le Guin: The Left Hand of Darkness
Arthur C. Clarke: Rendezvous with Rama
Robert L. Forward: Dragon's Egg
There's quite a breadth and depth to the genre, I'd suggest not spoiling things by reading book reviews, but you might enjoy reading about the three authors above.
and then there's Philip K. Dick (and many many others).
* Dan Simmons - Hyperion Cantos Series
* Martha Wells - The Murderbot Diaries
* Peter F. Hamilton - Void Trilogy
* Liu Cixin - The Three Body Problem (Starts on Earth but goes Interstellar)
* Frank Herbert - Dune
* Joe Haldeman - The Forever War (Earth-based dystopia)
He is an astrophysicist, turned, science-fiction writer, and his world building is incredible.
One of the few Sci Fi novels to win both the Hugo and Nebula awards in the same year!
https://news.larryniven.net/concordance/content.asp?page=Rea...
If you want something more out-there, Verner Vinge's A fire upon the deep and its sequel are great. Or, as recommended by another poster, The Children of Time trilogy.
Dune and sequels by Frank Herbert are the next logical option, with similarly large scope.
The Expanse series by James S.A. Corey is great, set in the solar system in the near future.
Andy Weir's Project Hail Mary and The Martian are super fun reads, technically fulfilling the "not on Earth" requirement. Both are about one person's overcoming great odds, so a very different brand of sci-fi.
Not worth reading past God Emperor of Dune, the best book in the series.
start with "player of games"
The Stars My Destination
Starship Troopers - very different from the movie, sci-fi classic. Even on the Marines reading list.
Forever War - partially on Earth most in far flung space battles.
The Martian - solid Jew hard sci-fi again very different from the movie
Plenty more but, sadly sci-fi falls under Sturgeon's law.
[1] Dan Simmons, George R. R. Martin
There is a new generation worth reading.
We are legion (we are Bob) by Dennis E. Taylor is the first book in his Bobiverse series.
Gust Front by John Ringo is the first book in his Legacy of Aldenata / Posleen series.
Live free or dies by John Ringo is the first book in his Troy Rising series.
1632 by Eric Flint is the first book in his Ring of Fire series.
- Many other works by Asimov
- The Rama series by A.C. Clarke
- Gateway and other novels in the same universe, by Fred Pohl
- The earlier novels of James P. Hogan esp. The Two Faces Of Tomorrow and The Genesis Machine
- The Complete Venus Equilateral, by George O. Smith
Much more, of course, but a good start.
It’s mostly not earth based.
Thought Series.
Sarah Zettel - Fool's War
David Brin's Uplift saga
H Beam Piper's Fuzzy series
* The Color of Distance by Amy Thomson