Probably not, but it's a trick question: if you try to look for exceptions to the rule, you have already wasted so much time that running a linter on all files would be faster.
Every file not touched in any given diff
What if the linter uses more context than a single file, a type-checker for example or even just checking the correct number of arguments (regardless of type) are passed to an imported function - or that that symbol is indeed even callable? Should we only run the linter on the caller's file, or the callee's, when they haven't both changed?
Also, ESLint doesn't do type checking. That's typescripts job, and apparently typescripts runtime isn't an issue.
In particular, the call site itself hasn't changed, as this thread assumes the linter is only run on changed files