It's not
that expensive if you only deliver to customers served by aerial utilities, and you have access to poles and understand how to get easements for outside equipment. And you expect to serve a significant fraction of dwellings passed.
I don't think AT&T was secretly planning for years and years to rewire my neighborhood for fiber; they were just well prepared with then information and expertise to get it done. I think they saw Google announce service upcoming in 15 cities or whatever, and figured they would need fiber in those cities as well, then they took their existing maps to figure out where they needed outside equipment, set their lawyers ro getting or expanding easements, and once those were set, they sent an order to Corning for GPON cables with drops at measured lengths for each pole. Easy and cheap for ATT. Unless you have underground utilities.
It's not easy and cheap for upstarts because you don't have access to the poles, and you don't have field maps, and you're unlikely to serve a significant number of customers that you pass.
It's not easy and cheap for anyone if utilities are undergrounded, because encapsulating your infrastructure makes costs start at about 3x the cost of aerial buildouts, and it gets much worse if you hit other utilities when you dig. Best case, a lot of manual digging; worse case, you need to call out another utility to do an emergency repair; worst case, you cause an explosion. Plus your burried utilities are at risk of being damaged and needing repair during other utility work. Wires on poles are at risk too, but at least it's easy to access them for repairs.
One day maybe, they'll tear down their copper that's rotting on the same poles. Maybe when copper scrap value is high.