Your calculation is flawed.
You are comparing the rate of work related deaths in one population with total deaths in another population.
The total death rate will obviously include non work related deaths like car accidents and such. That's what your America male 15-24 death rate statistic is about.
Meanwhile the Qatari migrant worker death rate is focused on work related issues. Death due to work should be pretty close to 0 in a wealthy country like Qatar shouldn't it?