The big one is recipes. Recipes under the current copyright regime in the US are considered non-copyrightable facts, which is why every cookbook and recipe blog has lots of copyrightable splash photos and personal anecdotes. Congress specifically doesn’t want grandmas getting sued for copying the recipe on the box.
Recipes don't have a specific exception within the the copyright law that Congress has carved out.
It is also not cut and dry. It basically boils down to facts not being copyrightable. So a list of ingredients and basic instructions (e.g. cooking time and temperature) won't be granted copyright protection.
But, the prose in the instructions can be copyrighted. So copying a whole recipe verbatim can be copyright infringement, but copying the list of ingredients and writing out the basic instructions is not.
fair use is mostly a US concept, there is no such thing in the UK or most other countries
https://www.twobirds.com/en/insights/2020/uk/intellectual-pr...
https://www.copyright.eu/docs/protection-of-a-recipe/
Though you can patent novel methods of food production, which is also true in the US.
The root statement is still the same, legislatures can amend copyright laws as they wish if they really care. I don’t know that the UK parliament is exactly functioning well right now, but that’s my impression from across the pond.
in terms of ability to legislate it works considerably better than the US congress
up to you if you call that well functioning