Hunter-gatherers first launched violent raids at least 13,400 years ago
sciencenews.org
sciencenews.org
I would think a default expectation is that warfare was always there and only got more advanced with tool use etc.?
It's an old debate [1].
Nobody was entirely right. Indivduals were generally altruistic and cooperative in group. Groups, meanwhile, were nasty and brutish to each other.
We didn't get this evidence until recently. And even then, we didn't evolve from chimpanzees--they could be different or have evolved warfare alongside us (or learned it from us), et cetera. So it took time to reject the various reasonable nulls. (I still wouldn't call it settled science.)
You can't be serious?
Are you claiming no species developed novel behaviours as a result of interacting with humans?
If a particular group displayed anomalous behavior compared to the species as a whole, then that isolated behavior could have been influenced by humans, sure. But a species wide behavior, no way. There is no known mechanism for that to propagate and persist in a non human species.
Also I think you were implying that the behavior would have been copied from humans, not e.g. indirectly influenced by human-caused environmental selection pressure. That does happen, of course, but it does not seem like what you were saying and it does not seem applicable here either.
I totally agree that chimps didn't learn warfare from humans, but this statement is incorrect. Primates and cetaceans have both been shown to have a cultural memory. In theory, there is no reason a successful foraging strategy like breaking nuts with rocks couldn't propagate to the entire species.
It seems that cooperative altruism and out-group violence are both innate to some extent. Ecology and society determine how we realize those traits - in times of intense competition, we resort to tribal warfare. In times of plenty, we cooperate.
It should also be noted that Chimps and Humans are among the few species (perhaps the only mammal species?) that exhibit this tendency to wipe out their competition with systematic violence. IOW it's not just competition for resources in the moment - all animals do that. It's the sustained desire to wipe out the competition completely (effectively, genocide) that make both Human and Chimp violence rather unique in the animal kingdom.
Is there a term of art for researching this from a biological perspective?
So the base is genetics, but also you have to remember that humans and chimps understand timelines. So if you see a strange redhead by the watering hole, you slink back home and get the lads, gonna need to make an example out of him. After all, you only speak your tribes dialect, can't talk to him, and if even you could, what would you say?
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Some extents are longer than the others, seeing as of the societies we see in the animal kingdom and are currently able to be studied with current tools point to "patriarchal" societies being more common than "matriarchal". In the case of bonobos, which are known to be unusual in the ape world.
> Ecology and society determine how we realize those traits - in times of intense competition, we resort to tribal warfare. In times of plenty, we cooperate.
Please state this is an opinion, it looks like you're asserting it which is rather large mistake.
> It should also be noted that Chimps and Humans are among the few species (perhaps the only mammal species?) that exhibit this tendency to wipe out their competition with systematic violence. IOW it's not just competition for resources in the moment - all animals do that. It's the sustained desire to wipe out the competition completely (effectively, genocide) that make both Human and Chimp violence rather unique in the animal kingdom.
Unless you cite this, I would also lump it similar to above.
Ecology creates evolutionary pressures for a genetic predisposition to tribal violence. Those genes are still there in times of abundance. They might be activated less in times of abundance, though.
I agree with the "society" part of your comment. Sapolsky's study of Bonobos shows that cultural change via the death of alpha males can have a lasting impact on the level of violence in later generations.
Unless you mean group warfare as in terms of internal warfare; this is incorrect. Bonobos are noted to be peaceful within their groups but are similar to chimpanzees in being observed engaging in conflict with other Bonobo groups to a more limited extent.
The point of the discovery is that we have some evidence of what occurred in such attacks. What age/sex were involved, weapons used, etc. Or other useful information
> That injury pattern more likely arose from periodic, indiscriminate raids rather than a single battle...