Why?
The only country I can think of that is fully public is Canada. And even then, there is a small amount of private.
Every other country has a mix of public and private.
Why do you feel that making healthcare public only is the solution? What are you basing that one?
Look at places like Singapore or some of the scandinavian countries where they have pretty effectively used the private sector to discipline the public sector and vice versa, as it seems to have way better outcomes and is certainly far less time consuming and painful for the individual going through the system. I especially like the Scandinavian countries that give the public sector 90 days to get something done before the patient has the right to use the private system at government cost, maybe Sweden? That's a great system that stops the utter bullshit of months to years of waiting for treatments that probably won't save your life but will make your life a hell of a lot better like joint replacements.
Both the USA and Canada should be held up as examples of how not to do health care and all eyes should be elsewhere for better ideas.
Germany, while it has historically been a mixture of public and private insurances (mostly due to state servants, clergy and entrepreneurs not being allowed in the public system [2]), has about 90% of its population covered by the public insurance [3] and there's regular discussions on getting rid of private insurances entirely - about once every year or two.
[1] https://conversion-uplift.co.uk/brexit/the-boris-johnson-bre...
[2] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krankenversicherung_in_Deutsch...
This regulated market isn’t very “private” - and it’s not very capitalist either. Outcomes are ok, but as always could be better, which is at least as much cultural as how it’s all funded.
All companies offer completely exchangeable plans and are only allowed to take age, municipality and desired copay into account when calculating your premium. Every resident of Switzerland is also obligated to have this basic health insurance (if you don’t, the government just picks a random insurance for you and signs you up retroactively).
I would say it’s a great system…but Swiss health care costs are also among the highest in the world (and rising steeply), so it’s not a silver bullet.
To be fair, this particular system is probably not to blame for the high costs, but it also didn’t prevent them (though it leads to a bit of innovation around e.g. telemedicine, which is great).
But relative to GDP Swiss healthcare spending is lower than in Germany or France. Adjusted by PPP they aren’t even that much higher in absolute terms than in most other richer European countries. Of course there are some outliers like Denmark but if we consider income levels and outcomes healthcare in Switzerland seems relatively “cheap”.
But, sure, healthcare is a mix of labor and materials like most things, and the labor cost should scale loosely with local GDP per capita, but to the extent tradeable the materials cost shouldn't and should follow the law of one price, so Switzerland, with almost twice Germany's per capita GDP (and more than twice France’s) should have lower healthcare costs as a share of GDP, all other things being equal, because for the same mix of goods and services, the per-GDP materials costs is naturally lower.
They'd have to be doing something really wrong [0] for that not to be the case.
[0] like the U.S. is
Let’s suppose they are eliminated completely. You save 15% at most from not paying insurers, and let’s say doctors’ offices spend 10% on all the paperwork dealing with insurance.
However, government employees have to do some of the same jobs as the insurance company employees, such as identifying overcharges/fraudulent charges, etc. Add 10% back for that work (5% on government side, 5% on provider side since it should be less paperwork since it’s only 1 entity they are dealing with).
So all in, that is 15% savings, in an ideal case. With 90% medical loss ratios, it is 10% savings (more likely).
Relative to GDP the Switzerland spends less than Germany or France. Relatively to average net monthly salary healthcare is cheaper by about 30-40% or so compared to Germany.
…higher levels of AIC correspond to higher price levels for hospitals
as richer countries have generally higher price levels than poorer ones.
The correlation is, however, not perfect: as an example, the hospital
price level in Switzerland is twice the level observed in Germany, for
comparable consumption levels.
Edit:
I found it relatively difficult to make an apples to apples comparison as much of the details seem to only be available in French. However, nothing I saw put the Swiss rate of savings at 19%.
FT put the German rate at around 10% for 2018, and a source citing the BFS put the Swiss rate at over 12% for the same year (with a peak of 18.7% in 2020). So no, I don't buy that per-capita consumption is an inaccurate method here. Swiss health care is expensive even if you adjust for the overall wealth of the nation.
Also looking at PPP disposable income per capita and PPP healthcare spending the gap is much narrower (Germany still has lower costs but only by ~10% or so).
IMHO using per capita consumption seems a bit disingenuous because household savings rate in Switzerland is considerably higher than in Germany (19.3% vs 11.1%). So yeah while it’s accurate that the Swiss spend more on healthcare relative to the other goods and services they consume that largely makes sense because almost all healthcare services have to be ‘produced’ locally and can’t be imported.
Even with social transfers nominal disposable income is about 50% higher in Switzerland. So of course the Swiss will spend a smaller share of their income than the Germans to maintain comparable levels consumption just because a lot of the goods they buy cost more or less the same. The Swiss could consume more and save as little as the Germans and if they did so that would somehow decrease relative healthcare costs according to that report. That seems somewhat flawed?
What America has is uniquely nightmarish, and not at all similar to other countries.
Not true! Having the public option be the "overwhelming default" is not the norm among developed countries. Neither is there being a public option at all!
Nor is anything else the norm, so great is the variety of approaches. What is true is that the Canadian/British approach of completely or almost completely free at delivery is not the norm.
The US's approach post-Obamacare is closest to the DACH countries, with a variety of nonprofit and profit plans. The US differs in a) having Medicare as the normal public option for the elderly (and having it be completely government run[1]), and b) not making getting a plan mandatory, while the DACH norm is for the government to pick one for you and send you the bill if you don't choose one first.
[1] Although I suppose Medicare Advantage is similar to the nonprofit plans available through the German GKV