Physical attractiveness and intergenerational social mobility
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Once I figured out what was wrong with me, fixed my diet and got in shape, the way people treated me in general shifted dramatically towards positive. Rather than starting from a unreceptive low with everyone new, I started with a positive welcoming reception. People would just defacto trust me and assign me positive traits just for being good looking.
It's mind blowing to me how there is so much focus on whatever -ism, but no one talks about "looksism". Regardless of your gender or race, if you look good, people will default treat you well. If you look bad, every encounter is an uphill battle.
It’s called pretty privilege and it’s a real thing.
If you look it up on YouTube you’ll find plenty of good looking women describing what they got out of it, and it’s astonishing.
This is the equivalent of the universal standard in xkcd¹. Situation: We have 13 -isms, but nobody talks about the real ism, so we need to promote it. Situation: We have 14 -isms.
All these isms were reduced to buzzwords and have no meaning anymore.
There is a clear boost in first impressions generally being much more positive, my ideas being regarded more highly, and coworkers/leaders wanting to promote me. I don't think my intellect has changed much over that time.
I will say looking good also has a clear boost on self esteem and boldness which I'm sure at least partially contributes to the social changes.
With being unattractive, there is a metaphorical "gut punch" of sorts that you always get when meeting people. Often even from people you know. Imagine just before going on stage to give a presentation, getting yourself psyched up, and someone tells you "Your voice sounds kind of weird". It just entirely kicks you off kilter and it comes through in your talk. Being unattractive you end up getting kicked off kilter a lot. You might not even know it if its all you have ever known.
But when you are good looking? It's almost like it switches and people make themselves vulnerable to see how you evaluate them. It's your word and your actions that matter, not theirs. People just openly pour confidence into your cup.
The whole things is so bizarre logically thinking, it's so primal, so human.
Could you elaborate? I have something similar of unknown cause
I had no idea since I ate a typical American diet my whole life, which is very heavy in dairy. I thought feeling sick and nauseous after eating was normal. I thought not really ever being too hungry was just how I was. I thought having stomach cramps all the time was just human.
The whole story is long, but eventually I went from a low lactose diet (knowing I was lactose, I still ate low or no lactose dairy foods - hard cheeses, yogurts, lactose free whatever) to eating no dairy products. Only butter.
I gained 60 pounds in the 8 months following this, I also learned that feeling nauseous all the time also isn't normal and I am capable of eating way more than I thought possible.
Otherwise people generally like looking at pretty things and being surrounded by pretty things. Interior, product, etc design is a thing because people will buy something for how it looks over how well it actually functions. Or all things being equal or close they will pick the “pretty” one. They are attracted to it, drawn to it. Artwork that is appealing to enough people is worth more than artwork that isn’t.
Of course it is the same with people.
30 rock explained it pretty well. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAQoXOLlvT0
Used to be fat and wear clothes 2 sizes too big. Lost some weight and started dressing nicer. Suddenly I was behaving more confidently, and the effect snowballs.
Of course, there is some external difference, but a lot of it just goes back to attitude and confidence.
"Why physical attractiveness should matter for intergenerational social mobility is an underexplored research question. Theoretical links between the two are complex, and the possibility of reverse causation cannot be ruled out. Prosperous economic conditions likely allow individuals to improve and maintain their physical attractiveness by investing in relevant services (e.g., quality hairdresser, gym membership, and plastic surgery) and goods (e.g., fashionable clothes and effective cosmetics)."
Cannot be ruled out strikes me as an understatement. I'm not sure what the exact design of the interview was, but even factors like how well-spoken someone is could have a strong influence on perceived physical attractiveness despite being heavily confounded by factors like education and socioeconomic status, which I think challenges the notion of physical attractiveness, as least as it was assessed here, being a truly independent predictor. I also don't think that this study serves as incontrovertible proof in support of the defeatist winging about how purely genetic factors affecting appearance have completely and unfairly hamstrung ugly people. A study that supported that notion wouldn't use an interview, it would just use a picture of people's faces from a standardized lighting and angle which would then be rated and correlated with these other variables.
If women outnumber men in HR departments and at school, being pleasing to a woman's eye would be helpful in advancing through life more so than being pleasing to men.
If the effect is stronger for men than for women this could also support the more established notion that there are more social expectations on women to "look the part", i.e. wear makeup and "the right clothing" (which covers a much wider gamut than what is expected from men, which depending on white collar career path is either a casual suit or t-shirt and jeans/khakis). Attractiveness alone is not a guarantee for higher status and may in some cases even have the opposite effect by drawing unwanted sexual attention from male superiors or coworkers.
Women can reinvent, often take different relationship roles, and some guys are into women with low self esteem.
1. Criteria for men and women are very different: tall vs. thin is key. If the profiles list height but not BMI, that would lead to discrepancies.
2. Heterosexual women are more likely to agree on which men is attractive then the reverse (which is a classic problem in dating apps: then attention of fewer women is also more focused)
3. Make-up: unattractive men don’t have that many commonly used options to be more attractive (growing a beard, painful surgery), while women are more willing to spend half an hour to change that. It levels the playing field making the original measure less relevant.
4. When the data was collected:
> assessed when individuals are around 15 years old
My memory of biology class is faint, but I believe that men change less after 15 than women do.
In general, that’s an area that was understudied 25 years ago. I’m happy to read so many references, but couldn’t find my old sociology professor. He was struggling with the impact of height on one’s professional career. He published a lot using a sample of alumni from the other university where he taught (to control for education). Strangely, the impact of height became weaker over the decades… He had so many theories (computers, mostly)—only to realize (after two publications) that it was because the cohort was increasingly feminine. So, he published in succession that:
1. height was key;
2. the gender gap was more than explained by how women were shorter (that paper was not popular);
3. height mattered a lot less for women, therefore the gender gap thing was still a problem, but athleticism was (he had an athletics grade). (That’s how I learned that `log_salary~height*gender`, `log_salary~height+gender` and `log_salary~height:gender` meant completely different things.)
3 bis. strike that: athletics mattered for both, but less than expected; BMI was key for both but mostly women. (That was the example other professors used to teach us about the scissor effect in regression: BMI and height are related.)
4. Height and BMI were proxies for attractiveness that mattered for both but had to be measured differently. He had several sets of photos, one typically earlier and without and another later with make-up… More importantly, students were 23-24 at that point.
But all that became obsolete when most students ended up studying and finding jobs abroad and that effect dominated everything. That professor moved to study accents.
Interaction terms ftw :-)
I would postulate that every analysis becomes more accurate if you consider the interactions ... but at the same time it makes interpreting (and presenting) the results more complicated.
Same company, one of the smartest, friendliest and hardest working guys I knew was short (maybe 5'6" and completely bald) - he deserved to be a VP or higher imo, but never made it very far up the chain and left - also not a coincidence.
Yes men can have unrealistic standards at times but if you ever go to your local strip club and see the low attractiveness of your average striper you will notice men can be a lot more "accepting".
This is weird for a bunch of reasons, the most objective being that appearance changes a lot around that age range. Seems like an odd experimental choice.
As it’s a health-related database, I suspect it’s a photo taken to control for acne, but that’s just speculation.
But definitely agree that it’s probably skewing the results a lot.
Physical beauty is often an attractor of lust, but someone with no sexual hormones or sexual desire could still assess or another's beauty without a sexual component, an asexual person could, someone not sexually attracted to a given gender could still assess physical attractiveness of someone of that gender (a straight woman assessing a girl's beauty), etc.
The unfortunate thing is that she did not learn about the insincerity of men who are in the pursuit of sex when she was younger (because she was not really pursued ever) and so she was quite blindsided by it in her twenties and got into some relationships which were not particularly healthy.
But she managed alright and now in her late thirties she seems to be quite well adjusted and happy (but still single). Her career has also done quite well.
She sometimes jokes with us that had she known the advantages of beauty she would have shed the weight decades earlier. But she was from a very liberal and accommodating family that always told her that people will be judged on the content of her character and not their appearances ... and it took some time to realize the world is not that way.
I'm not qualified enough to say whether this paper or good or bad, but I do think that this is a prime example of "clickbait social science" where papers that confirm people's existing prejudices, regardless of quality, suddenly get a lot of attention. The conclusions may or may not be correct, but I don't think this one paper is really slam dunk in either direction.
This is probably an unpopular opinion, but I think I would far rather be any type of minority (black, native american, arab, Muslim, female) then to be ugly or fat even if I was a white male. I think there is a far stronger bias against fat people or unattractive people than there is against other groups.
In terms of being ugly… it’s a way more flexible quality than people care to admit. Being fit, successful, undergoing plastic surgery, using makeup, dressing fashionably, etc - so many ways to improve your perceived attractiveness.
https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2023/11/23/t...
Overall it's interesting there a study about this as it seems so obvious. Tho I looked up lookism..is there a movement suddenly happening against attractive people?
I could agree with those, but those are a rather limited part of life. They may help us, "the pretty ones" to feel good, but it takes more for someone to be considered successful generally.
> you use it to climb the professional ladder.
I think this is way overrated and lots of pretty girls end up disappointed or disappointing people, thus the meme of the dumb blonde.
the world is different today than it was in the 80s. I m not sure past performance is indicative of future results
The dumb hot blonde most likely is never alone ... she could be broke cause of not respecting a good partner as they respected her or she could just have been with a lot of attractive men who constantly cheated cause they have choice. She could then drop her standards for a good guy to find security and respect or just say F it im done then her beauty fades. Hmmm being human ... and again if you are one who never had issue finding someone good/respectful who fits your wants/needs ... again consider yourself lucky!
> We study the effect of individuals’ attractiveness on intergenerational social mobility by using Add Health's interviewer-rated physical attractiveness. Information about physical attractiveness was collected during Wave I of the survey when all interviewers were asked to assess the physical attractiveness of respondents with answer options of (1) very unattractive, (2) unattractive, (3) about average, (4) attractive, and (5) very attractive.
First, well, duh. Don't need a study to tell you this.
Second, was this done for someone to explain why they're not successful? A lot of people want to justify a lack of effort because the chips are stacked against them. All any of us are supposed to do though is be the best version of ourselves we can be.
There will always be someone smarter, taller, better looking. Who cares? Do your best.
By some dint of cosmic luck, my wife and I's baby girl is astonishingly cute - as verified across multiple countries of travel and countless unprompted compliments paid to her from all types of people. She's got a winning smile and looks that consistently warrant the phrase "she looks like a doll". People get distracted from what they are doing when they see her and trip over things - it's absurd. It's not merely a "oh, every parent thinks their kid is cute" thing.
When I'm carrying her I get to experience this second-hand charisma boost related to being good-looking. It's incredible, people are more friendly, more helpful, and much more pleasant. So I would not doubt for a second that attractive people get a helpful boost!
Assuming it's upwards, how are the many very successful asians explained by this study, considering that they are usually evaluated as less attractive
Joking aside, I do notice that successful men (again, maybe specific to my country) tend to be attractive and they usually have an attractive and smart partner. Successful but not attractive men can still have either attractive or smart partner (or both, but different persons, and the former is a trophy—and the latter doesn't know about the former).
Good thing none of this matters as long as the number goes up!
Attractiveness runs in Trumps family. He afterall was the Paris Hilton / Kardashians of the 80s and early 90s. Those types of socialites have beauty and wealth and society loves to follow them because of it.
There's a famous comic meme about your distinction that's regularly reposted on the internet: https://i.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/newsfeed/001/663/485/1f8...
But many women have commented that they find the "attractive" guy's compliments also unwanted.
It's well-known and widely established that coming from wealth makes it easier to get with "gentlemen crimes" (e.g. being caught drinking underage or using illegal drugs is more likely to result in confiscation and a stern warning or "slap on the wrist" if the police officer knows you're from a wealthy family, other biases aside) as well as sexual assault.
So the difference between the two can simply be that the "handsome" guy in a suit is just more likely to "get away with it" because it's riskier to confront or report him compared to the "ugly" guy who is likely on a lower rung of the social hierarchy.
Pay attention to what they do, not what they say.
You've got it backwards. In both cases what makes it harassment is continuing to push when it's unwanted. Why you seem to see a difference in results based on attractiveness is because your average guy can't take a hint no matter how attractive they are. So "success" becomes literally stochastic because guys never back off (and bonus take being unresponsive, ignoring them, or outright telling them no as "playing hard to get") so it only works when coincidentally the feeling of attraction is mutual which is sorta related to conventional physical attractiveness but not as 1-1 as it's made out here. 95% of the time I don't want even the hot guy approaching me and even 1/20 feels high.
I kinda wish it worked like Brazilian steakhouse rules where I could wear something that signaled, "open to being hit on by strangers."
I swear the guys that just start dancing on me would do far far better if they just asked first. It goes from "oh god ew how do I discretely get one of my girlfriends to get me out of here" to "eh ya know what, sure."
Yes, most guys don't want to be assholes which is why they talk about this. You might notice that when you are out dancing most guys on the floor aren't grinding their crotch against you. The people who are fine with being assholes aren't complaining, you wont find them in these discussions.
> I swear the guys that just start dancing on me would do far far better if they just asked first. It goes from "oh god ew how do I discretely get one of my girlfriends to get me out of here" to "eh ya know what, sure."
The guys who do that don't want to dance with you, they want to sleep with you. Asking for a dance will probably get them girls who wants to dance and not go further, you instantly rejecting them is what they want.
"But if they danced and did some more work then maybe..." But they don't want to go through that, that is the entire point they want to skip the work to build a connection and just do a one-night stand.
My sister was raped by her boss, so maybe she is more sensitive, but she box and spend 6 hours a week at the gym (10 hours total if you count boxing), and truly attractive males hit on her daily. Any guy who hit on her without being prompted, even the 'cute' ones (which is, to be fair, a big part of gym goers), get on her 'red flag' list, that she share with her gym and box friends. Maybe when she was younger she might have thought that.
My personal experience (which was until recently limited to feminist hippies living in vans/tents and playing guitar around a fire tbh) is the same. Just have normal conversation, a bit of small talk, listen and pay attention, flirt a bit, only show off if it doesn't break the rhythm of the moment (better yet, don't show off at all), ask for a date without saying it's a date. If it's no, it's no. Doesn't mean you can't flirt anymore, flirting is always fun (and if it's not for you, think about that: more practice!).
It's really hard to do this well and not be boring however. You have to do all those things and also subtly telegraph that you're somehow attracted to them and don't just want to have "a normal conversation" - mostly by 'showing off' subtly enough, not looking like you're blatantly showing off. It can be done, but plenty of guys are going to try and fail. I do suppose it's better to look excessively boring and inoffensive than to end up on their "red flag, animal, unsafe to be around. Must be avoided" list.
Takes like these are very odd to me. The parent comment is basically saying to have a conversation and if it goes well ask the person out. If said person finds your conversation boring then why would you want to date them in the first place?
So much discourse online about dating is "I HAVE to do X and Y and Z and it's just exhausting", but why? Why go through all this effort if you don't want to? Isn't the whole point of dating to find someone who makes you happy and likes you for who you are?
Yes it is, that's the whole point. As a dude, you're not going to signal "hey I like you for who you are, I care about making you happy" with boring conversation. You need something that's not just that, and is not "keep pestering them and don't take no for an answer" either.
A conversation will naturally be interesting if two people are interested in each other, even if it's about a boring topic. That's what chemistry is. It may start out boring, but if there is chemistry, it won't stay that way.
But hey, that's just me. I have absolutely zero interest in "the game" and doing things I wouldn't normally do to get women to date me, and I am lucky enough that I don't have to. I just see people talking about doing all this stuff to get women to like them and I can't help but think that a relationship started that way is doomed to fail. I would find it exhausting to constantly worry about "signaling" things to someone to keep them interested. I want to be myself, always, and if they're not interested, oh well.
I worked at a place that had lots of young people and HR's definition included even a single time, and intent does not matter, perception does.
They would also punish without letting the person know who/when/where they were accused by.
This was not theoretical CYA policy, I saw one guy fired and another lose promotion and both swore they did not know why.
The "pear ring" is trying to make this happen but it hasn't really caught on much.
It's a fallacy, and actually a self defeating one since it causes guys to ascribe their failures to something out of their control (looks) instead of what is actually in their control (behavior.)
Here's a pretty good deconstruction of the concept IMO: https://www.doctornerdlove.com/understanding-the-hot-creepy-...
It seems obviously true that certain behaviors are hot if they're performed when there is mutual interest and creepy when there isn't any. And being hot has a huge impact on whether or not there is mutual interest.
In addition hot people are just given more latitude than ugly people in terms of social faux pas.
No no, that's exactly the point. If an advance is welcome, it's wasn't a faux pas. If it's not welcome, it's a faux pas. This is true regardless of hotness level.
Are hot people more likely to be welcome to a larger set of people? Sure, that's nearly tautological. But the expected behavior is the same: be sensitive to context, read signals, don't violate boundaries. Hot people and ugly people can both do this (or not.)
Hot people are more likely to find people that are into them. But nobody owes or is owed anything regardless of attraction level, and it's every guy's responsibility not to act like a creep.
I think it's typically wishful thinking. Just act like a normal human being, it's often enough, even if you're ugly.
I've been fat from 24 to 29 years old, and obese from 26 to 28. I did not have any sex during that time (my libido was quite low tbh), but I did have a few date, maybe half a dozen?, despite being quite ugly (23 to 27 especially, I didn't took care of myself at all). I assure you I wasn't attractive. But I was a normal human being who could listen and find cues before asking someone out.
Most SJW people I know tend to be critical of the idea of a beauty standard at all, which is an interesting initiative if they can actually pull it off. And I do agree that it would be nice to stop being biased towards conventionally attractive people.
Then, with that logic, we should be seeing "woke couples" who don't follow that tendency: "Conventionally attractive" people with "conventionally ugly" partners, not with the idea of having a trophy or "liking ugly people", but with the same power dynamics as a couple where both parts are equally attractive. Since both are woke, in their own eyes the idea of being ugly or pretty either shouldn't exist, or be based around some very different personal attributes (like empathy or intelligence, perhaps).
Sadly, I almost never see it happen.
Many aspects we attribute to human nature are products of a more subtle tribal instinct, yet influenced in a particular way by culture and nurture.
10,000 years ago people didn't consider other tribes as human. 100 years ago some people didn't even consider other races humans. Now, while racism still exist, we don't have those ideas anymore.
In short, let people cook and see what it changes over time.
Sometimes we see positive changes in our society.
Sometimes those movements crumble down due to its own futility.
I’m close to conventionally attractive but my type is shorter, overweight bearded guys (balding optional). There is no virtue signaling here, or “being attracted to what’s on the inside”. It’s still attraction, it just falls out of the standards set by men’s health magazine or w/e.
That’s what “woke” people are talking about when they say there’s not an objective 1-10 scale for attractiveness. We all have different types.
For example, to me being critical of a beauty standard is rejecting the following statement:
“All else equal, a person with double eyelids is more attractive than a person with single eyelids”
Widespread acceptance of the above statement culturally is an example of a beauty standard, and it’s the reason why eyelid surgery is the third most common cosmetic surgery in the world.
Rejecting this beauty standard does not mean I need to be attracted to every person with a mono eyelid nor have a partner with a mono eyelid.
You don't need to be attracted to _every_ person with single eyelids, unless you're attracted to every person with double ones. It's about treating both groups with the same standard.
And it also comes down to dating. If you don't try to incorporate your belief system into your own life, are you really rejecting it?
I see this all the time: I have fat friends, whose friends are all in for fat acceptance, yet when it comes to their own life, they avoid getting fat like the plague. They avoid being fat, their partners are almost never fat, and they share memes where the subject of ridicule is a fat person (not for being fat, but some other despicable attribute. But in the joke, they're always fat. Never athletic nor muscular).
Of course, it's not a 100% rule. We are all free to do whatever makes us most happy and nobody is obliged at gunpoint to do a radical shift overnight.
But If anyone subscribes to a core belief, it's expected to turn that belief into concrete actions in their life. Otherwise everything ends up being "web activism", and when you close the browser and go to the real world, everything stays the same.
And so on for everything else.
I don’t even bring up weight because if you talk about being fat on the internet you get the “but you can change it” and “it’s for your own health” flame wars, and I don’t want the broader topic derailed.
GP made it sound like “I see SJWs with attractive partners, why are they such hypocrites” and while I’m sure there are hypocrites it’s also not the responsibility of any person to pick a partner that affirms their belief system. And certainly not for the sake of broadcasting this to internet commenters who want to feel confirmation bias about their views on “woke”