Until I found this:
https://www.youtube.com/@algorithmicsimplicity
Instantly clicked. Both convolution and transformer networks.
EDIT: for the purpose of visualization, I highly recommend following channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMXuk97NeSI&t=207s
It nicely explains and shows concepts of stride, features, window size, input to output size relation - in convolutional NN
Andrew Ng's courses on Coursera are helpful to learn about the basics of deep learning. The "Generative AI for Everyone" course and other short courses offer some basic insight, and you can continue from there.
https://www.coursera.org/specializations/deep-learning
https://www.deeplearning.ai/courses/generative-ai-for-everyo...
HuggingFace has some nice courses as well: https://huggingface.co/learn/nlp-course/
Jay Allamer has a nice blog post on the Transformer architecture: https://www.deeplearning.ai/short-courses/
And eventually you will probably end up reading papers on arxiv.org :)