David Mitchell's book Cloud Atlas might fit I think. There was a film made of it in 2012. The children's book Charlie Cook's Favourite Book has the same premise.

You might also find things in Jorge Luis Borges' short stories (although I can't think of any specifically off the top of my head).

The film Inception has a recursive theme to it.

And there is a popular sci-fi book called Recursion, but I've not read it so not sure how much it fits the actual idea of Recursion!