C23 has _BitInt(N) that works exactly like I think you'd want it to work.
I'm also interested in a more advanced version for setting arbitrary bounds. E.g. an integer that goes from 1-10. Adding two of those would be an integer from 2-20. The goal being that the compiler could help enforce that you don't pass a value that is OOB. Might make more sense for that to be a library. Perhaps some C++ template magic. But I digress