I agree with this being an issue, although certainly less pronounced with go compared to other languages. I don't think containers solve the issue though: none of the mainstream approaches to building containers actually make the builds (and by extension images) inherently reproducible. It just shifts the issue from differing host systems to differing base layers (granted, the issue is less pronounced with those). As long as not every dependency is fully pinned your builds could break any day and arbitrarily between machines, if you don't build at least at the exact same time.

To solve the issue fully you need a more comprehensive approach to packaging. nix or guix can provide that.

Containers are more useful as a software distribution mechanism.