The iPhone 15 doesn't have 3.0 USB-C because the silicon was only introduced in the A17. Hardware revs are set in stone many moons before so being able to push USB3 support a generation later allows engineers to focus on other tasks.
Again, all speculation but the point is how a defined end point allowed teams to receive clarity over tradeoffs and move quickly. It's very typical of how Apple works (which you can see in Vision 1.0 where certain things were wildly overspecified and other were wildly under for that reason). The exact details may be wrong but the logic of how they got to this place feels right.