Seems like being able to look up people's home address is a pretty minor part of that threat?
Imagine Iranian agents using these address books to track down naval officers in San Diego from across the border in Tijuana. Having a global address book lowers the barrier for hunting people down and hurting them. This is already happening to off-duty Russian officers mowing the lawn at home.
https://nypost.com/2023/08/29/russian-lieutenant-colonel-mow...
Edit: not the person making the claim, nor am I particularly vested in this story or its validity. But it took me all of 5 seconds to find.