Nah, those words are more like synonyms than two different colors / groups of colors. They aren't used consistently neither by the same group of people nor between different groups.
This is especially obvious when there's a need to give a precise name / definition (eg. when naming paints or objects with very distinctive color). For example, I've heard cyan translated as either one of those (I studied printing). And when it comes to paints, there's eg. "берлинская лазурь" (the name of a particular pigment and a paint that uses that pigment), which is typically described as голубая, but it's really dark.
In general, it seems that in languages with long history, there's very little in terms of consistency in how speakers name different colors. Meanings "drift" over time. Sometimes they "fork" because of the objects associated with the same color change that color (eg. egg yolk yellow). It's also influenced by availability of pigments and dyes and the companies who manufacture paints. Sometimes these keep labeling, but change the technology used to make paints. In particular, saturation seems to increase with technological advances, but names seems to remain the same.
This, of course, also depends on your audience. If you talk to an arts student or a painter, they will have a different idea about what colors are and how to name them. For instance, an art student would often deny that "white", "black", "brown" or "pink" designate colors -- from a perspective of someone trained in classical painting, these aren't really colors and don't help in describing what / how one should draw something. Similarly, from a perspective of someone who's tasked with painting walls, the division may be imposed by technical limitations (i.e. mixing paints from a particular manufacturer cannot produce a desired hue, if, eg. green paint is used, therefore the painter may believe that the color isn't a shade of green).