It is not integrated, so it is not an IDE. Text editor seems like the best description for it.
What other things need to be integrated before it can be blessed as an IDE?
Though this whole thread could really be considered off-topic since the original post is about Visual Studio for Mac!
Support for specific languages/debuggers/build systems is provided by extensions.
Look up how LSP and DAP work for example. A hugely successful extensible IDE system.