Some comments were asking why early Java's GC wasn't this bad even though it was conservative. The reason is that Java can't take references to fields of an object, so the data mistaken as a pointer has to actually point to an object header. In Google Go you can take a reference to a field, locking the whole object, so the faux pointer can point to any field as well (or in this probably any location in the object). Not exactly the wisest choice in semantics, as they are seeing now that it complicates the GC.