Would also be interesting for household garbage recycling at the recycling plant. If you can ask your garbage "what are you" and it responds "I'm a polystyrene yogurt cup with an aluminum lid", separating it gets really easy.
At least in some parts of Italy (I was in the Lombardy region) you pay an annual garbage tax where they provide you yearly with a predetermined amount of bags containing an RFID tag. You can still ask for more bags if needed, and I guess that in that case your tax would get adjusted depending on usage (which they track with the RFIDs). Kind of unsettling though that they could link your trash back to you.
There should be sufficient incentive for trash and recycling service providers to implement sensing and sorting now that "Making hydrogen from waste plastic could pay for itself" (2023) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37886955
If manufacturers had to pay for waste management they would immediately reduce single use packaging consumption. Yogurt tubs instead of single serve cups. Beer bottles can be standardized, collected after use, sanitized, refilled, and put back onto grocery shelves.
In Germany they have to, but most of the plastic still gets burnt. Market failure. With paper, glass, aluminium and tin plate the numbers (and the economics) are better.