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I'm really surprised that RFC-1122 isn't mentioned in the entire article; The IETF defines 3 layers for a TCP/IP network (link, IP, and Transport) and those layers are (IMO) much more useful for understanding the internet than the OSI model. In addition they don't pretend to be describing a platonic ideal of a network, but rather just specific parts of the network we are using today.

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Yeah; as somebody who was taught the OSI model at university, they basically straight up told us to ignore the OSI model above layer 4, and to treat the remaining stuff as a starting point rather than the whole story.

So criticizing layers 5/6/7 is not really helpful. Those are not actually taught anymore.

I use RFC 791, the original Internet model.

RFC 1122 is a retconned version of the Internet model that tried to change terminology to fit OSI.

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