The biggest tip is to post a 'room wanted' ad - most people will only post a room if they don't find a fit there. Make your post stand out - don't give the same boring life story that everyone does - it's not relevant for a house. Post your phone number and the times you're available. When you inspect, make sure you're prepared to write a check on the spot (and say that you can in your post).
It's easy to get desperate and take anything that is offered, but don't let desperation convince you to settle for something that will piss you off in a months time. Short term hotels are a good solution while looking for a place - you can get a small dorm-style room for around $500 per month, month-to-month rent.
Good luck!
I've been looking on housingmaps.com and using earthify.org w/ Google Maps, trying to find a place that looks like it would be a feasible commute.
I can't decided if I'd be content to just rent a room from someone with an apartment (like I've always done in Boston), or if it's better to go for a full-fledged apartment of my own.
Especially in San Francisco it's going to be brutal and pretty much a full-time job. Keep a rental resume (metrorent app, credit report, letter of reference, etc) handy and try offering to pay the move-in cost on the spot if you fall in love with a place.
It's significantly easier to find a place if you're (a) willing to share an apt (there are tons of professional people around splitting fairly nice apartments) or (b) willing to live in a professionally-managed apartment complex/tower/whatever. If you go with an apt complex in SF, avoid Skyline/CitiApartments.
And based on the reviews of the apartment complexes I decided to go with something private. The best way to find that was Craigslist. I live in a cottage behind someone's house in the middle of Mountain View. The rent is reasonable, I get along great with my landlord, and it's a very comfortable situation.
It's a shame things aren't set up more like Australia. Most apartments there are all privately owned, generally between 8-40 per complex, and a far nicer overall experience.