https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000709121...
The confidence interval in the new study includes zero, although the average beneficial effect is still surprising when considering the usual expected negative effects. I suspect that the real effect may simply be that general anaesthesia causes a susceptibility to suggestion.
It's not clear if ketamine — or anything else — should be expected to work normally when it is administered to patients under general anesthesia. General anesthesia has profound effects on the functioning of the nervous system.