In my head, these are:

- Conan and vcpkg are probably the closest equivalent to other "language package managers" (e.g. Rust's cargo, or NodeJS's NPM).

- Spack is typically used in HPC/Scientific Computing domain.

- Nix (and Guix) are very powerful (system) package managers; these have enough nifty features that I'd call them "next-generation".

Probably also for sufficiently complicated projects, it may be worth mentioning sophisticated build tools like Bazel (which I think manages dependencies in its own way).